tectonic plates - modules

Charles Lyell, James Hutton

Two dudes credited for uniformitarianism.

Uniformitarianism

“The present is always key to the past” is an idea of

Robert Mallett

First dude to propose earthquakes generated by faulting is transmitted through a centre point via waves.

Molten magma cooling

Kevin used what to determine the age of the Earth wrong?

HMS Challenger

What boat found a broad rise of the Atlantic Ocean which is the mid Atlantic Ridge?

Sounding

How was the depth of Challgner’s Deep determined?

Natural decay

Small particles spontaneously release heat.

Mountain growth

Lateral migration of continents makes…

Uranium Lead Radiometric

What kind of dating is used to date super old rocks?

Sonar

Using the time it takes for an acoustic signal to hit the seafloor and make to a transducer.

Satellite Laser Ranging

SLR

GPS

SLR was replaced with

LAGEOS

Two satellites launched to provide accurate geodeic measurement using satellite laser ranging.

Geology

Studies rocks

Geodesy

Studies location

Irregular ellipsoid

Eath’s shape isn’t a sphere but a…

Geoid

The bulging on the ellipsoid

Gravimetry

Measurement of the strength of the gravitational field via gravimeter

Heat flow

The idea of energy being lost from one medium to another.

Geomagnetism

Studies magnetic field

Magnometer

Used to assess the strength and direction of magnetic field anomalies.

Geodynamo

The Earth’s magnetic field is … generated by convections of molten iron and nickel in the liquid outer core.

Embryonic rift basin

The EAR (East Atlantic Rift) is an example of (3)

the AFAR triangle

The triple junction depression separating the African, Somali, and Arabian plates.

Erte Ale

Shield volcano around the AFAR triangle

Basaltic

Lava lakes are persistent when magma is…

South to North

White polarity

North to South

Black polarity

Thinguellir

Iceland’s parliament that visibly shows the cracks of the mid ocean ridge.

Mariana’s Trench

The deepest feature on Earth marking the Phillipines and Pacific plates meeting.

Rhyolite

Crystallized felsic magma.

Andestite

Crytallized intermediate magma.

Fault creeping

The slow, continuous movement of faults causing infrastructure damage.

Megathrust

When little seismicity areas build up tectonic stresses, it results in a…

Landslides

Slope instability at convergent margins combined with weakened terrain from tectonic stress and soft sediment result in…

Passive margin

The transition from continental crust to oceanic crust on the same tectonic plate

Paleogeography

The study of positions of continents in the past

Iceland

Fissure eruptions are common in…

Volcanic bombs

What are large rocks blown out of volcanoes?

Volcanic arcs, magmatic arcs

Lahars are common in … (2)

Fires

Biggest risk for bedrock cities in earthquakes are…

Laurentia

Name of North America in ancient

Lithosphere

The cool, rigid outermost layer of rock

Mid ocean ridges

Shallow focus earthquakes are found at…

Flood basalts

Decompression melting of mantle rock at plume heads produces …

Transform faults

Allows for ocean to spread on a spherical surface

Subduction zones

Lava lakes are not near…

Continental drift

The idea of continental crust plowing through oceanic crust is a description of...

Gondwana and Laurasia

Two supercontinents within Pangea