American Pageant Chapter 19 By Ashton Wong

What is the title of Chapter 19...

Drifting Toward Disunion

Who stated "A house divided against itself cannot stand?"

Abraham Lincoln

What novel would Harriet Beecher Stowe publish?

How many children did she have?

Where was the novel directed to and had most effect upon?

What features made her book powerful?

What did she explain about who wrote her novel?

What was her sources of her antislavery sentiments?

UNCLE TOM'S CABIN;

half-dozen (7);

The north;

powerful imagery and pathos;

"God wrote it";

Second Great Awakening

How many copies of Uncle Tom's Cabin were published in the first year?

What was the novel put on stage as for lengthy runs?

What role did it have in the civil war?

several hundred thousand;

"Tom shows";

helped start it

Who claimed that "so you're the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war" when they met Stowe?

When would they meet?

Abraham Lincoln;

1862

What did the South condemn when it learned hundreds of thousands of Americans were reading and believing Stowe's indictment?

What did they call her indictment?

"vile wretch in petticoats";

"unfair"

As Stowe never witnessed slavery in the Deep South, where would she see it briefly?

Where did she live for many years?

What was the place known for?

Kentucky;

Ohio;

Center of Underground Railroad Activity

What did thousands of uncounted readers of Uncle Tom's Cabin have to swear that they would have nothing to do with?

Who did some of the millions of youth who read Uncle Tom's Cabin in the 1850s become?

Where was the novel popular abroad?

Fugitive Slave Law;

Boys in Blue who volunteered to fight in Civil War;

Britain and France

Who was Uncle Tom's master?

Simon Legree

Which governments would seriously consider intervening on behalf of the South in the Civil War?

What would their own people be aroused by and lead to them not intervening?

Governments in London and Paris;

"Tommania"

What was another trouble-brewing book that appeared in 1857?

How many years would it appear after Uncle Tom?

Who was it written by and where were they from?

What did they attempt to prove?

Where would they secure a publisher?

THE IMPENDING CRISIS OF THE SOUTH;

5 years;

Hinton R. Helper from North Carolina;

nonslaveholding whites suffered from slavery;

the North

The Impending Crisis of the South with what was banned at the south?

What was the book distributed as by Republicans?

What were southerners embittered by from the North?

"dirty allusions";

campaign literature;

spread of wicked "lies"

Who were most of the northerners that were moving west-ward?

Who was a small part of the inflow westward financed by to Kansas?

ordinary west-ward moving pioneers searching for richer lands;

groups of northern abolitionists or free-soilers;

What was the most famous of the antislavery organizations that sent people to Kansas to forestall the south?

How many people would they send?

What would they shout?

What would they carry and nickname it?

Who had helped raise money for their purchase?

NEW ENGLAND EMIGRANT AID COMPANY;

two thousand people;

"Ho for Kansas";

breech-loading Sharp Rifles, nicknamed "Beecher's Bibles";

Reverend Henry Ward Beecher (Harriet Beecher Stowe's brother)

Whose song did many of Kansas-bound pioneers sing?

John Greenleaf Whitter's marching song (1854)

What did Southerners support Kansas-Nebraska scheme with the unspoken understand of?

Who were out to "abolitionize" both Kansas and Nebraska?

What was the motto of a few southern hotheads attempt to "assist" small groups of well-armed slave-owners to Kansas that they would carry on their banner?

Kansas would become slave, Nebraska free;

northern "Nebrascals";

"Give Southern Rights to All"

How many slaves would be found in 1860 among 107,000 souls in all Kansas territory?

How many in Nebraska?

What did the whole quarrel over the slavery in territories revolve around?

2;

15;

"an imaginary Negro in an impossible place"

Who poured in early to vote early and often after the day came to elect members of the first territorial legislature in Kansas?

When would the elect come?

Where would slavery supporters triumph and set up their own puppet government at?

Where would the free-soilers establish an extralegal regime of their own?

What were governments based on that Kansas had to choose from?

"border ruffians" from Missouri;

1855;

Shawnee Mission;

Topeka;

one based on fraud, the other on illegality

What free-soil town would be shot up and burned by a gang of proslavery raiders?

What was it considered during the tensions of free-soil and slavery supporters?

When would this be?

Lawrence;

breaking point;

1856

Who was a fanatical figure that stalked upon the Kansas battlefield and obsessively dedicated to the abolitionist cause?

What color was their beard and eyes?

What did he claim his stare could do?

What was a dubious deal that would cause him to move?

Where would he move to Kansas from?

John Brown;

gray beard and gray eyes;

force a dog or cat to slink out of a room;

horse-stealing;

Ohio

Where would John Brown lead a band of his followers to after the recent attack of Lawrence?

How many proslaveryites did he hack or kill there?

What was John Brown's nickname?

Where were they from in Kansas?

Pottawatomie Creek;

5;

"Old Brown";

Osawatomie

When would Civil War in Kansas erupt?

What time period was the civil war?

What 3 things did Kansas conflict destroy?

1856;

1861-1865;

millions of dollars of property, paraylzed agriculture, cost scores of lives

When did Kansas have enough people to apply for statehood?

What did they have to apply on the basis of?

Who were most of the people in Kansas?

1857;

popular sovereignty;

free-soilers

What was a tricky document that stated that people could not vote for or against the constitution as a whole, but for the constitution either "with slavery" or "with no slavery"?

What would free-soilers do in response?

What did the proslaveryites approve?

LECOMPTON CONSTITUTION;

boycott the polls;

approved constitution with slavery in 1857

Who was President Pierce succeeded by?

What party would they be?

Since they would throw the weight behind the Lecompton Constitution, who would fight courageously for fair play and democratic principles?

What was the outcome of their fight?

When would Kansas remain a territory until?

James Buchanan;

democratic;

Senator Douglas;

compromise that submit the Lecompton Constitution to popular vote;

1861

How did President Buchanan divide the once-powerful Democratic party?

What party would be the only remaining NationaL party?

antagonized Douglas Democrats;

democratic party

What would describe Kansas as it spattered blood on the floor of the Senate in 1856 where small civil war broke out?

BLEEDING KANSAS

Who was a senator that was a leading abolitionist who made himself one of the most disliked men in the Senate?

What blistering speech would he deliver?

Who did he refer to insultingly to South Carolina?

Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts;

"The Crime Against Kansas";

white-haired senator Andrew Butler

Who was a Congressman of South Carolina who would take vengeance to his own hands and resented the insults to his state by Sumner?

What was his relations with Andrew Butler?

What did his code of honor call for and why couldn't he do it?

Preston S. Brooks;

distant cousin;

a duel but in South you can only fight with one's social equals

When did Brooks approach Sumner?

What did he pound Sumner with?

Why wasn't Brooks expelled from Congress?

Where was Sumner forced to go for treatment and how long would he leave his seat for?

What was Bleeding Kansas joined with as a political issue?

May 22, 1856;

eleven-ounce cane until it broke;

House of Representatives could not muster enough votes;

Europe, 3 and a half years;

Bleeding Sumner

What was the free-soil North mightily aroused against?

"uncouth" and "uncowardly" "Bully" Brooks

Where did Democrats meet to nominate their presidential standard-bearer of 1856?

Who would they nominate and how was it pronounced by many?

What color was their hair and how tall were they?

What would he carry to one side due to an eye defect?

Cincinnati;

James Buchanan (Buck-annan);

white hair and 6 ft tall;

head cocked to one side

What was Buchanan's job?

What did Buchanan serve as during the recent Kansas-Nebraska uproar?

What was he therefore and made the south nominate him?

What was his nickname?

Pennsylvania Lawyer;

minister to London;

"Kansas-less";

"Old Buck" Buchanan

Where would the Republican party meet to nominate?

Who was their most conspicuous leader but didn't arrange to win the nomination as they weren't confident that is was a "Republican year"?

Who would the Republicans nominate?

What were they known as?

Philadelphia;

"Higher Law" Seward;

John C. Fremont;

Dashing explorer

What dose was injected into the campaign of 1856?

Where would a recent influx of immigrants come from and who would they alarm, as many old stock Protestants were called?

What party would they organize?

Who would they nominate?

What would endorse them to run?

What would superpatriots who were antiforeign and anti-Catholic adopt the slogan of in response to the immigrants party?

antiforeignism;

Ireland and Germany, "nativists";

Know-Nothing Party;

ex-president Millard Fillmore;

remnants of dying Whig party;

"Americans Must Rule America"

What did Republicans who fell in behind Fremont with the zeal of crusaders shout?

What clubs did they organize and which tune would they sing?

What were Buchanan supporters known as?

"We Follow the Pathfinder" and "We Are Buck Hunting";

glee clubs, "The Marseillaise";

"Buchaneers"

What was Buchanan's nickname?

Why was he assailed?

"Old Fogy" Buchanan;

he was a bachelor since his fiancé died after a lovers' quarrel

Who did Fremont's mother leave her elderly husband to run away with?

What was her husband's job?

Where would she give birth to Fremont in?

What allegation was harmful to Fremont?

French adventurer;

Virginia Planter;

Savannah Georgia;

he was Roman Catholic

What was the vote in the electoral college in 1856?

How many electoral votes did Fillmore get?

174 (for Buchannan) to 114 (for Fremont);

8

What were violent threats that would lead Fremont to lose the election?

What was Buchanan assisted by to be elected?

southern "fire-eaters" that the election of sectional "Black Republican" would be declaration of war;

southern Bullyism

When was the North more willing to let the South depart in peace?

What could the Republicans in 1856 rightfully?

How old was the party at the time of 1856?

1856 instead of 1860;

"victorious defeat";

two years

What was pronouncement as one of the opening paper-gunblasts of Civil War?

What would it end?

When would it be handed down the supreme court?

Who was the black slave and how long did they live with their master for?

Where would they live with their master?

What would he sue for on basis of?

DRED SCOTT v. STANFORD;

two-day presidential honeymoon of Buchanan;

March 6, 1857;

Dred Scott for 5 years;

Illinois and Wisconsin Territory;

his long residence of free soil

Who was the Chief Justice during the time of Dred Scott v. Stanford?

What were the reasons why Dred Scott could not be freed as concluded in the courts?

Chief Justice Roger B. Taney;

1. black slave and not a citizen so could not sue

2. fifth amendment so slaves can be taken into any territory as Congress cannot deprive people of their property

3. Missouri Compromise had been repealed 3 years earlier and court ruled it unconstitutional;

What did Republicans insist the ruling of court was after the result of Dred Scott v. Stanford?

no more binding than the views of a "southern debating society"

What would the dampened period of feverish prosperity?

What was so bad about the period other than economics?

PANIC OF 1857;

psychologically the worse

What would cause the Panic of 1857?

How many businesses would fail in one year because of it?

What did one desperate slogan state by unemployment from the Panic?

What part of the union would suffer more?

Inpouring California Gold inflated currency, demands of Crimean War in Russia (1853-1856), frenzied speculation in land and railroads;

5,000;

"Bread or Death";

The North

How many acres of free farms would the North demand due to financial distress in the North especially in agriculture?

160 acres

Why were the two-pronged opposition for not making outright gifts of homesteads for the northern pioneers?

Eastern Industrialists had long been unfriendly to free land, The South opposed because gang-slavery can not flourish on 160 acres

In 1860, after many years of debates, what act would Congress pass?

How much would the act make public lands available at a nominal sum of?

Why was the act stabbed to death and never actually passed?

homestead act;

twenty-five cents an acre;

President Buchanan vetoed it

What would Tariff would Congress pass after being embarrassed by a large Treasury surplus several months before the crash?

How much would it reduce duties down to and since when was it the lowest point?

Who would blame their misfortunes on the tariff and what party were many of them?

TARIFF OF 1857;

20 percent, War of 1812;

Northern Manufacturers, Republican

During the Illinois senatorial election of 1858, whose term was about to expire?

Who would the Republicans decide to run against them?

Stephen A. Douglas;

Springfield Lawyer, Abraham Lincoln

How tall was Abraham Lincoln?

How much did they weigh?

What color hair did he have?

6 foot 4;

180 pounds;

black

Where was Abraham Lincoln born?

What school did he attend?

What did he say all his life?

What did he marry socially and into what influential family?

What was Abraham Lincoln's wife known by her enemies as?

What was he known as because he would refuse cases that he had to suspend his conscience to defend?

Kentucky log cabin;

frontier school;

"git", "thar", and "heered";

"above himself", Todd family of Kentucky;

"she wolf";

"Honest Abe"

When did Lincoln serve one undistinguished term in Congress?

How old was Lincoln in 1854?

How many votes did he receive for the vice-presidential nomination in 1856 at the Philadelphia convention?

1847-1849;

45;

110

What was arranged where Lincoln would boldly challenge Douglas to a series of joint debates?

How many meetings would there be?

When would the debates be from?

Where would the most famous debate come from where Lincoln would impale his opponents on the horns of dilemma on if the people of a territory should vote slavery down and the Supreme Court in the Dred Scott decision decreed they could not and ask Who would prevail, the Court or the people?

What would his question in the debate be known as?

LINCOLN-DOUGLAS DEBATES;

seven;

August to October 1858;

Freeport, Illinois;

FREEPORT QUESTION

What was Lincoln called in both affection and derision, had a piercing, high pitched voice and often ill when he began to speak?

"Old Abe"

What was Douglas reply to Lincoln of the Freeport question be known as?

What was his response?

FREEPORT DOCTRINE;

slavery would stay down if the people voted it down. laws to protect slavery would have to be passed by territorial legislatures.

What is an example of a time when public opinion doesn't support federal government, so the law would be impossible to enforce?

Jefferson's embargo

Who would win between Douglas and Lincoln for the Senate seat?

How would they win?

Who were senators chosen by?

Who would win the moral victory?

Douglas;

inequitable apportionment

state legislatures;

Lincoln

What platform proved to be one of the preliminary battlefields of the Civil War?

Lincoln-Douglas debate

Which black rebels did John Brown study to hatch a daring scheme to invade the South secretly with a handful of followers to establish a kind of black free state as a sanctuary?

Where would he first arrive in the South and with how many men?

Toussaint L'Ouverture and Nat Turner;

hilly Western Virginia, 20

At what scene would Brown seize the federal arsenal and kill innocent people?

How many people did he arrive there with?

How many innocent people died and who were among them?

How many more did he injure?

HARPERS FERRY;

20;

7 innocents, including one free black;

10

Who was Brown and the remnants of his tiny band captured by?

Who were they under the command of?

What would they become within two years?

U.S. Marines;

Lieutenant Colonel Robert E. Lee;

Preeminent general in the Confederate army

What was John Brown's nickname and what was he convicted of?

How many of his friends and relatives were trying to save Brown and support him?

How many of his near relations were regarded as insane, and who did it include?

Who was the governor of Virginia during this and what would his critics say?

"Old Brown", murder and treason;

17;

13, his mother and grandmother;

Governor Wise, Governor Wise would have been wiser

What nickname was given to Brown for his every opportunity to pose and to enjoy martyrdom?

What were Brown's last words?

What was Brown's death penalty?

"God's angry man";

"this is a beautiful country";

was hanged in hangman's trap

What did the South nickname John Brown as a wholessale murderer?

What were many Southerners questioning as a result of Harpers Ferry?

What was the North dominated by?

"Osawatomie Brown";

How they can remain in Union while "murderous gang of abolitionists" was financing armed bands to "Brown" them;

"Brown-loving" Republicans

What did free-soil centers do on the day of Brown's execution?

What did some free-soil centers spoke of Brown?

Who compared the new martyr-hero with Jesus?

toll bells, fire guns, lower flags, held rallies;

"Saint John" Brown;

Emerson

Where would the Democrats in the South meet for the democratic national convention of 1860?

Who was the leading candidate?

Why would they not be nominated?

Charleston, South Carolina;

Douglas;

"fire-eaters" viewed him as a traitor and his unpopular stance on Freeport Doctrine and Lecompton Constitution... could not scrape necessary 2/3 vote

Where would the Democrats try to nominate Douglas again instead of the South?

Where would Southern Democrats organize a rival convention?

Who would they select as their leader?

Where were they from?

Baltimore;

Baltimore;

vice president John C. Breckinridge;

Kentucky

What party did a middle-of-the-road group organize?

What did they sneer at?

What did it consist of?

Who did they nominate?

What did they wave handbills for?

CONSTITUTIONAL UNION PARTY;

"Do Nothing" or "Old Gentleman's" party;

Former Whigs and Know-Nothings, "gathering of graybeards";

John Bell of Tennessee;

"The Union, The Constitution, and the Enforcement of the Laws"

Where did Republicans meet in 1860 for their nomination?

Who was the best known of the contenders?

What had ruined his prospects?

What did his numerous enemies coin the slogan against them?

Wigwam (boxlike wooden structure), in Chicago;

Seward;

"irrepressible conflict" speech at Rochester in 1858;

"Success Rather than Seward"

Who was the next option for Republicans in 1860 other than Seward?

What were they known as from Illinois and during the convention?

In what ballot would Lincoln overtake Seward?

What slogans did Republicans include for seductive appeal for every important nonsouthern group?

Lincoln;

favorite son of Illinois, "Mr. Second Best";

third ballot;

"Vote Yourselves a Farm" and "Land for the Landless"

When would Lincoln incline to favor cash compensation to the owners of freed slaves?

February 1865

What did Republicans extoll and nickname Lincoln during roaring rallies and parades?

What did the groan dismally for?

What did enthusiastic "Little Giants" and "Little Dougs" retort with?

"High Old Abe", "Woodchopper of the West", "Little Giant Killer";

"Poor Little Doug";

"We want a statesman, not a rail-splitter, as President"

Except for who would Lincoln be a minority president to a greater degree than any other holder of the nation's highest office?

What percent of voters preferred some other candidate than Lincoln?

How many southern states was he not allowed on the ballot and polled no popular votes?

What was was known as the "rail-splitter"?

John Quincy Adams;

60;

ten;

Abraham Lincoln

How many electoral votes did Douglas get?

How many more popular votes did Douglas Democrats and Breckinridge Democrats than Lincoln?

What was the electoral vote in 1860?

What majority did the South retain on the supreme court?

12;

365,476;

180 to 123;

Five to Four

What state would threaten to go out if "sectional" Lincoln came in?

How many days after the election would its legislature vote unanimously to call a special convention and where would they meet?

when?

What would they nickname Lincoln?

South Carolina;

4, Charleston;

December 1860;

"Illinois Baboon"

What had the most promising efforts that had the fallen mantle of Henry Clay into making a last-ditch attempt at compromise with South Carolina?

What were his amendments called?

What was it designed to do?

Where did Lincoln claim the amendments would perpetuate covenant of war from?

Senator John Jordan Crittenden of Kentucky;

CRITTENDEN AMENDMENTS;

slavery in territories prohibited north of 36th degree 30, but south of that line was given protection in all territories existing or "hereafter to be acquired";

United States to Tierra del Fuego

What other 6 states would follow South Carolina of secession?

Where did the first 7 seceders formally meet?

What government would they create?

Who would they choose as their president?

What would he suffer from?

What type of strategist did he want to be?

Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas..

4 more would join in the spring;

Montgomery, Alabama in Feb 1861;

CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA;

Jefferson Davis, recent member of U.S. Senate from Mississippi;

Chronic Ill Health;

Napoleonic Strategist

What interlude was the crisis of South secession deepened by?

What was the "lame duck" period shortened to by what amendment and when?

"lame duck" period;

10 weeks, 20th amendment, 1933

When could Lincoln take office even though he was elected president in Nov 1860?

March 4, 1861.

Who was ultimately blamed for not holding the seceders in the Union by sheer force?

How much sooner would the fighting occur if he had used guns against South Carolina?

Where would the crucial Border States vital to the Union be driven into the arms into?

What did advocates of strong-arm tactics cry?

President Buchanan;

3 months which is under less favorable circumstances for the Union;

"wayward sisters";

"Oh for one hour of Jackson!"

What was a reason for Buchanan to not resort to force?

How many men was in the tiny standing army?

The men was needed to suppress Indians in the West;

15,000

What would the South call the tipping of political balance against them?

"the depostic majority of numbers"

What was the "crime" of the North?

who observed it?

census returns;

James Russell Lowell

What did Jefferson Davis declare in an early message to congress?

"All we ask is to be let alone"

What would the eleven American states led by Jefferson Davis throw off at "King" Abraham Lincoln?

yoke

Who did George Washington throw off the yoke of when seceding from the British empire?

King George III

Where worldwide would nationalism stir?

Italy, Germany, Poland

What did Southern leaders regard as a golden opportunity to cast aside?

their generations of "vassal age" to the north