Exit Exam Review

Exit Exam Flashcards

What is agranulocytosis?

A failure of the bone marrow to make enough white blood cells, causing neutropenia and lowering the body defenses against infection.

What are some manifestations of agranulocytosis?

Fever, chills, headache, and fatigue

What is phytonadione also called?

Vitamin K

Why is phytonadione given to newborns?

To prevent hemorrhage and bleeding.

Where is phytonadione administered to newborns?

Left vastus lateralis (thigh)

What is Kalemia?

Presence of potassium in the blood.

What are the S/S of Hyperkalemia?

Peaked T waves & ST Elevation, VFib & cardiac arrest, Hypotension & Bradycardia, Increased DTR, Paralysis & paresthesia, Muscle weakness, Diarrhea, Hyperactive bowel sounds.

What are the S/S of Hypokalemia?

Flat T waves, ST depression and Uwave, Shallow respirations, Decreased DTR, Muscle cramping and flaccid paralysis, Constipation, Hypoactive bowel sounds, Paralytic ileus.

What is Omit in pharmacy?

Pharmacy drug error in which the requisite dose is erroneously missed including improper dose. (To fail or neglect)

What is eschar?

Death tissue that falls off (sheds) from healthy skin. Black scab-like material or slough (tan, yellow, or green scab-like material); must be removed!

What is Natremia?

Sodium in the blood.

What are the S/S of Hypernatremia?

Edema, Flushed skim, Increased muscle tone, Swollen dry tongue, Nausea and vomiting

What are the S/S of Hyponatremia?

Headache, Mental status change, Seizures & coma, Fatigue and muscle cramps, Respiratory arrest

What does copious mean?

Abundant amount of something (Ex: sputum). Large in quantity or number; abundant; plentiful

What is Acrocyanosis?

Blue color of hands and feet caused by cold response or stress. It is normal during the first 24 hours of life and sometimes persists for 7 to 10 days.

What is calcemia?

Calcium level in the blood.

What are the S/S of Hypercalcemia?

Kidney stones, Constipation, Bone pain, Severe muscle weakness and lethargy.

What are the S/S of Hypocalcemia?

Trousseau’s sign, Chvostek’s sign, Diarrhea, Weak B’s (Bones [fractures], blood clotting [bleeding], beats [cardiac dysrhythmias])

What does Hyper mean?

Too much, above normal, excessive

What does Hypo mean?

Too little, beyond normal

What is sanguineous drainage?

Bloody drainage

What does Scant mean?

Insufficient or adequate | small amount

What is Phosphatemia?

Phosphate level in the blood

What is Serosanguineous drainage?

Contains both serum and blood. Watery and looks pale and pink due to a mixture of a red and clear fluid.

What is Serous drainage?

Portion of the blood (Serum) that is watery & clear or slightly yellow (fluid in blisters).

What is Purulent drainage?

Result of infection. Thick and contains WBC, tissue debris, and bacteria. May have foul odor. Color appearance = yellow, tan, green, or brown

What is the Trendelenburg position?

Entire bed is tilted with the head of the bed lower than the foot of the bed

What is Neutropenia?

Low white blood cells that leads to infection.

What is Thrombocytopenia?

Low platelets = BLEEDING

What is Catatonia?

A neuropsychiatric disorder which affects behavioral and motor functions with decreased or increased movement. Behaviors include: Stupor, negativism, rigidity, excitement, posturing, and the prognosis is fair.

What is Dyskinesia?

Involuntary movements of face, tongue, or limbs that may be irreversible. Others: Lip smacking, puffing of cheeks, chewing movements, frowning, or blinking of eyes, twisting fingers.

What is Parity?

Number of pregnancies that have reach viability (20 weeks) born alive or not.

What is Dysphagia?

Difficulty swallowing

What is Gravida?

A woman who is pregnant / the number of pregnancies

What is Tachycardia?

Pulse over 100 beat/min.

What is Anemia?

Lack of healthy RBC (hemoglobin) in the body causing low oxygen to the tissues, person will feel tired and weak due to the condition.

What is Assault?

ONLY VERBAL threat of harm | Act in which there is a threat or attempt to do bodily harm.

What is Battery?

PHYSICAL acting out of the assault threat | Performing procedure without consent.

What is Autonomy?

Reviewing client’s right with the nurses on the unit. | Patient’s right to make ones own personal decisions, even though those decisions might not be in the person’s best interest. (Nurse still supports their decisions). | An informed consent.

What is Utilitarianism?

Decision-making based on what provides the greatest good for the greatest number of individuals

What is Libel?

Defamation (the action of damaging someone’s reputation) with written word or photographs.

What is Slander?

Character attacked and uttered in the presence of others. | Malicious or untrue writing about another person that is brought to the attention of others. = GOSSIPING

What is Negligence?

Harm that results because a person did not act reasonably.

What is Beneficence?

The duty to do no harm and the duty to do good. There’s an obligation in patient care to do no harm and an equal obligation to assist the patient.

What is Justice?

Fair and equal treatment

What is Veracity?

Telling the truth and is an essential component of a therapeutic relationship between a HCP and patient. (Being honest).

What is Malpractice?

Professional negligence. | A violation of professional duty or a failure to meet a standard of care or use the skills and knowledge of other professionals in similar circumstances.

What is Denial?

Refuse to admit that something is true

What is Nonmaleficence?

Do no harm

What is Advocacy?

Refers to nurses’ role in supporting clients by ensuring that they are properly informed, that their rights are respected, and that they are receiving the proper level of care.

What is a Living Will?

Also known as advanced directives - document with an instruction stating the wishes of the patient in the event they can no longer make decisions on their own. Witness and documents are required.

What is Durable Power of Attorney (DPOA)?

Document in which the patient designates a person to make medical decisions for him if he becomes incompetent

What is Health Proxy?

Another term for DPOA (Durable Power of Attorney)

Who can adjust advanced directives?

Only the patient

What is Informed Consent?

A full disclosure of the facts the patient needs to make an intelligent (informed) decision before any invasive treatment or procedure is performed.

What is Dysarthria?

The inability to speak clearly caused by neurologic damage that prevents normal control of muscles used in speech.

What is Melena?

Black, sticky, tarry, foul-smelling stools caused by digestion of blood in the GI tract.

What is Hemoptysis?

Coughing up blood | Spitting of blood

What is Epistaxis?

Nosebleed

What is Nuchal Rigidity?

Pain and stiffness in the neck when flexed

What is Aura?

Warning sign of seizure right before the seizure happens (seeing stuff that are not there). Reports of unusual tastes, feelings, or odors Is considered as early part of the seizure

What is Pruritus?

Itching

What is Urticaria?

(Hives or wheals: eruptions on skin or mucous membranes) rash upon the skin due to anaphylaxis

What is Tetany?

Muscle spasms and causes seizures

What is Fidelity?

Loyalty and faithfulness. | Keeping one’s promise to the client about care was offered.

What is the IV drip rate formula?

mL / time (mins) x drift factor

What is the D/H x Q formula used for?

Reconstitution math

What is ADPIE?

Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, & Evaluation

What are some tasks a PN can be delegated?

Monitor findings, Reinforce teaching, Perform trach care, Suctioning, Check NG tube location and patency, Administer enteral feedings, Insert a urinary catheter, Administer medications (NOT IV MEDS)

What are some tasks an AP can be delegated?

ADLs, Routine tasks, NON-invasive tasks, Specimen collection (SPUTUM, STOOL and STOOL OB, PEE), and NON-STERILE procedures

What cultural groups do not allow autopsy?

Eastern orthodox, Muslims, orthodox jews, Jehovah’s witness

What cultural groups do not allow organ donation?

Jehovah’s witness, Muslims, Buddhists

What cultural groups do not allow cremation?

Hindus, Mormons, eastern orthodox, Islams, Muslims, jews

What cultural groups do not consume alcohol?

Baptist, Buddhist, Islam, Mormon, seventh day Adventist

What cultural groups do not consume caffeine?

Baptist, Mormon, seventh day Adventist

What is the KOSHER diet?

Never eat meat and dairy products together for meal = Judaism

What are the steps in fire safety (RACE)?

R - rescue, A - activate fire alarm, C - container, E - extinguish

What are the steps in extinguisher safety (PASS)?

P - pull the pin, A - aim low, S - squeeze handle, S- sweep side to side

What are the steps for electrical burn patient care?

1. Turn OFF the electricity 2. BLS assessment 3. Airway assessment 4. Cardiac arrest

What is the ratio of water to bleach when cleaning up blood spills?

9 parts WATER I 1 part BLEACH

What should you do first upon discovering a patient has fallen?

Assess for fractures or head injury (WITH HEAD INJURY) DO NOT move the patient rather immobilize upon assessment, Assessment (WITHOUT HEAD INJURY) Assess and move patient back to bed with assistance

What are the components of SLIPDUCT used for fracture assessment?

Swelling, Loss of sensation, Irregularity, Pain, Deformity, Unnatural movement, Crepitus, Tenderness

What are some members of The Inter-professional Team?

Advanced care practitioner, Occupational therapist, Speech therapist, Physical therapist, Social worker, Dietician

When is INVASIVE informed consent needed?

For most surgeries, advanced medical tests, radiation or chemotherapy, or high-risk therapies such as opioids

When is verbal consent acceptable?

Reasonable and prudent course of action and the patient must give verbal permission. Expressing the feelings for this procedure by verbal, Emergency surgery

What are the DABDA stages of grief?

Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance

What are the guidelines for restrains?

15–30-minute checks on restraints for a child, 30–60-minute checks on restraints for adults, Keep 2 finger widths to prevent circulation cut off, 1 to 2 hours the restraints can be removed 1 at a time

What does a neurovascular check include?

Capillary refills less than 3 seconds, color, numbness, temperature, movement, pulses in location (needs to be palpable)

What are some Signs of Abuse?

Spiral fractures on arms not legs, Hidden injuries , Burns with shape, Patents do not allow the child to answer for themselves/speak on their behalf

What are some Communicable Diseases that need to be reported?

Anthrax, Botulism, Brucellosis, Cholera, Ciguatera fish poisoning, Dengue virus infection, Diphtheria, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Hepatitis A B and C, HIV, West Nile Virus

What are the Standard Precautions?

ALL PPE(CMV, HIV, Hepatitis B and C, Aspergillosis)

What are the Contact Precautions?

gown and gloves(M - multiple drug resistant organisms, R - respiratory infections, S - skin infections, W - wound infections, E - enteric (C diff), E - eye infections (Conjunctivitis))

What are the Droplet Precautions?

mask(S - sepsis/scarlet fever/strep throat, P -parvovirus/pneumonia/pertussis, I - influenza, D-diphtheria, E-epiglottitis, R - rubella, M - mumps/meningitis/meningeal pneumonia, An – adenovirus)

What are the Airborne Precautions?

mask(M – measles, T - tuberculosis, V – varicella (Chicken pox))

What are anticoagulants used for?

Preventing new clots and prevents current clots to get bigger

What lab is used to monitor Coumadin/Warfarin?

PT/INR

What is the antidote for Coumadin/Warfarin?

Vitamin K or Phytonadione

What lab is used to monitor Heparin?

aPTT/PTT

What is the antidote for Heparin?

Protamine Sulfate

What is important to monitor for Enoxaparin?

Low Platelets