Abnormal Psychology CH 2; E 1

hippocrates

father of modern medicine; a greek physician who believed that mental disease was the result of natural causes and brain pathology rather than demonic activity.

asylums

places of refuge meant solely for the care of people with mental illness.

moral management

wide-ranging method of treatment that focused on a patient's social, individual, and occupational needs

mental hygiene movement

advocated a method of treatment that focused almost exclusively on the physical well-being of hospitalized patients

deinstitutionalization

large numbers of psychiatric hospitals were closed, and there was a significant reduction in state and county mental hospital populations, from over half a million in 1950 to about 100,000 by the late 1980s.

psychoanalytic perspective

the perspective that stresses the influences of unconscious forces on human behavior treated with psychoanalysis

catharsis

a release of emotional tension

unconscious

the portion of the mind that contains experiences of which a person is unaware

free association

a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing

dream analysis

a psychoanalytic technique in which the therapist interprets the symbolic meaning of the client's dreams.

plato

greek philosopher who believed that patients with mental illness should be treated humanely and should not be held responsible for their actions.

aristotle

a greek philosopher and a pupil of plato who believed in the hippocratic theory that various agents, or humors, within the body, when imbalanced, were responsible for mental disorders; rejected the notion of psychological factors as causes of mental disorders

galen

a greek physician who contributed much to our understanding of the nervous system; divided the causes of mental disorders into physical and mental categories.

avicenna

prince of physicians and wrote 'the canon of medicine'; an ancient persian physician who promoted principles of humane treatment for people with mental disturbances at a time when western approaches to mental illness were inhumane.

paracelsus

a swiss physician who rejected demons as a cause of abnormal behavior; believed in psychic causes of mental illness.

johann weyer

a german physician who argued against demonology and was ostracized by his peers and the church for his progressive views.

william tuke

an english quaker who established the york retreat, where patients with mental illness lived in humane surroundings.

philippe pinel

a french physician who pioneered the use of moral management in france, where patients with mental illness were treated in a humane way.

benjamin rush

founder of american psychiatry, who used moral management, based on pinel's humanitarian methods, to treat people with mental disturbances.

dorothea dix

mental hygiene movement in the usa which focused on the physical well-being of patients with mental illness in hospitals.

clifford beers

who campaigned to change public attitudes toward patients with mental illness after his own experiences in mental institutions.

emil kraepelin

psychiatrist who developed the first diagnostic system.

sigmund freud

the founder of the school of psychological therapy known as psychoanalysis.

wilhelm wundt

german scientist who established the first experimental psychology laboratory in 1879 and subsequently influenced the empirical study of abnormal behavior

william healy

american psychologist who established the chicago juvenile psychopathic institute and advanced the idea that mental illness was due to environmental, or sociocultural, factors.

dialetics

rooted in idea everything is made up of opposites and change occurs when there is a dialogue between the opposing ends

ancient egyptians

archaeology and early writing indicate that the first people to think that the brain was the site of mental functions were the...

demonic possession

chinese, egyptians, hebrews, and greeks blamed abnormal behavior on...

awe and respect

if an abnormal conduct consisted of speech that had religious or mystical significance, the person was treated with...

rationalism

hippocrates represented a way of thinking called...

chung ching

the hippocrates of china; based his views of physical and mental disorders on clinical observations

biopsychosocial model

chung ching formulated an understanding of abnormal psychology to modern day...

humanism

movement emphasizing human interests and concerns

country asylums act

passed in england in 1845; required every county to provide asylum to "paupers and lunatics"

during the 1st half of the 20th century,

more asylums were established

mary jane ward

the snake pit

erving goffman's asylums

described neglect and maltreatment of patients in mental hospitals

community mental health act of 1963

established outpatient clinics, inpatient hospital facilities, community programs

development and use of antipsychotics and mood stabilizers

what event reduced the people in mental hospitals?

dorothea dix

which individual increased availability of treatment for mentally ill in usa?

large asylums in remote locations

what is true about ohio