ww2

paris peace conference

terms of peace were to be talked abt in the palace of versailles

woodrow wilson (us)

georges clemeceau (france)

david lloyd george (britain)

vittorio orlando (italy

germany was not represented

treaty of versailles

ended the war between germany and most allied powers controversial bc its states that germany caused the war (austria-hungary were), they were ordered to pay the damages that the allied powers sustained

made germany angry and bitter

flawed peace treaty

angered germany a lot, they had to reduce their army, cut the navy, and eliminate the airforce

woodrow wilson - 14 points

put an end to secret treaties, freedom of the seas, free trade, and reduced national armies to navies

self determination - allowing ppl to decide for themselves under what government they wished to live

league of nations

europeans started this, but eventually failed bc us did not join

the great depression

low economic activity and rising unemployment

stock market crash of 1929, bank failures, drought

half of american banks closed, which also affected european countries

FDR

new deal - series of programs, public work projects, reforms, etc,

attempted to control agricultural production, stabilize wages and prices, create a vast public work program for the unemployed

rise of dictators

italy, soviet union, germany, and others adopted dictorial regimes

took both old and new forms

totalitarian state

government aims to control everything

fascisim

benito mussolini set up the first _______ movement in italy

militant political movement that emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader

nazism

german brand of fascism

adolf hitler

ex ww1 soldier, wanted to bring back the glory of the germans

wanted to conquer land for germany in eastern europe

hitler becomes dictator

expanded nazi party, had a naitonal party organization

became largest party in the german parliament

german president agreed to allow hitler to become chancellor bc of pressure from citizens

ww2

global conflict that lasted from september 1 1939 - september 2, 1945

causes of ww2

1. treaty of versailles
2. failure of the league of nations
3. aggression of japan
4. aggression in italy
5. aggression of germany, rise of hitler & nazis
6. policy of appeasement

beginning causes of ww2

treaty of versailles placing all the blame on germany, punishing them too much

league of nations had no army to prevent military aggression of italy and germany

aggression in japan

japan exploded and destroyed their own railway and blamed the chinese, used the opportunity and retaliated

made manchuria (chinese city) into a state and renamed it machukuo - placed a puppet ruler on the throne

withdrew from league after being threatened by the org to stop, continued anyway

aggression in germany

hitler announced to his advisers his plans to absorb austria and czechoslovakia into german empire

treaty of versailles stopped any union between austria and germany

germany and soviet union signed a non aggression pact

aggression of italy

controlled some parts in africa but failed to colonize ethiopia

benito mussolini aggressively took ethipia and the league told italy to stop

attempted to ban the country from selling arms, rubber, and metals

hitler would soon enter into an alliance with this

policy of appeasement

if the european states satisfied the reasonable demands of germany, they will stop (lie)

germany was given sudetanland bc of this

us declares neutrality

president roosevelt passed 3 neutrality acts that banned loans and the sale of arms to nations at war

germany violates the treaty

germany remakes their airforce and expands their army

they sent their troops to rhineland, while the rest of europe ignored him in hope that he would stop

germany and austria unite

hitler threatned austria with invasion, and forced the chancellor of austria to put nazis in charge of the government

germany shocks the world

after non aggression pact, hitler offered stalin control of eastern poland and baltic states

germany invaded poland, 2 days later britain and france declared war on germany

ww2 in asia

japan was being warned by the US to back off with its aggression in asia, responded to them with aggression of economic sanctions and trade embargoes to halt their aggression

bombing of pear harbor - end of neutrality and they joined the war

battle of britain

german planes bombed british air and naval bases, harbors, etc

winston churchill motivated the english to keep fighting

japans ambitions

after bombing the harbor, us left the philippines and they declared the creation of a community of nations

greater east asia co-prosperity sphere

entire thing was under japanese direction

wanted to liberate the colonial areas of southeast asia from western colonial rule

last years of the war - germany

d-day, allied forces under us landed on normandy beaches, history’s greatest naval invasion

hitler committed suicide

germany unconditionally surrendered its military forces to the allies

last years of the war - japan

us wanted to end the war really quick - atomic bomb being dropped (hiroshima, nagasaki)

japan surrenderedon aug 14

marked the end of ww2

impacts of the war

* end of colonialism in asia and africa
* un was created
* nuremberg trials
* japan was demilitarized
* japan went thru democratization

war crimes

* holocaust & concentration camps (hitler)
* hell ships were merchant vessels which transported pows and laborers (japan)
* bataan death march (philippines)
* rape of nanjing (china)

hostility towards japanese-americans

internment camps were established by fdr that anyone of japanese descent would have to stay there