Chapter 1 Test- Sarah Serate

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Flash Cards for Chapter 1 Test for Med Bio

Biology

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45 Terms

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systems

a set of interacting components or parts

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inputs
what goes into a system
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Outputs
what comes out a system
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opened system
both energy and matter move freely across subsytem boundaries as inputs and outputs. (i.e. stream)
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closed system
the flow of input and output is limited. only energy is exchanged
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isolated system
A system that exchanges neither matter nor energy with its surroundings.
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controls
gives feedback and keeps it functioning. can be automatic, manual, or both. If the feedback repeats its a feedback loop.
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components
individual cells
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emergent properties
the larger unit
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5 spheres
geosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, atmosphere, anthrosphere
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biotic factors
living or once living parts of an ecosystem
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abiotic factors
Nonliving components of environment.
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habitat
Place where an organism lives
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ecological niche
an environment that includes everything that the organism needs to survive and reproduce
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Predation
An interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism
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comptetition
when organisms compete for limited resources
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symbosis

relationships between different organisms

mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism

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biodiversity
the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.
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biodiversity hotspots
an area with high levels of biodiversity
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keystone species
A single species that is vital to ecosystem stability
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Density
How much matter in a given space
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Population density
how many individuals per unit area
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Population dispersion
Refers to how organisms separate themselves within a population.
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Population dispersal patterns
clumped, random, uniform
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emigration
movement of individuals out of an area
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birth rate
the number of births in a population in a certain amount of time
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death rate
The number of deaths in a population in a certain amount of time
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exponential growth

population size increases drastically over a short period of time, has an ideal amount of resources

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logistic growth

the growth of a population levels off to the size that the environment can support

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Carrying Capacity

Max number of individuals that the environment can sustain and support

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Limiting factors

Factors that affect the carrying Capacity

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Density-Dependent Limiting Factors

competition, predation, parasitism

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Density-independent limiting factors

weather, natural disasters, human activity

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Disturbance

Anything that causes changes to the environment- physical, chemical, biological agent

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Natural Disturbances

disturbances caused by nature

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human-caused disturbances

disturbances caused by humans

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Ecosystem stability

all ecosystems are in a state of flux, a stable ecosystem can bounce back from “normal disturbances”

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Ecosystem Resilience

the ability of an ecosystem to bounce back after a disturbance

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Ecosystem Resistance

ability of an ecosystem to resist change caused by disturbances

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ecological succession

a series of biotic changes that occurs on bare land to create a community

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primary succession

when an ecosystem is created from bare rock

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secondary succession

when an ecosystem is developed on bare soil

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primary pioneer species

the species that breaks up the soil/rock

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criteria

a principle/standard which something is judged by

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homeostasis

maintain internal conditions