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systems
a set of interacting components or parts
relationships between different organisms
mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism
exponential growth
population size increases drastically over a short period of time, has an ideal amount of resources
logistic growth
the growth of a population levels off to the size that the environment can support
Carrying Capacity
Max number of individuals that the environment can sustain and support
Limiting factors
Factors that affect the carrying Capacity
Density-Dependent Limiting Factors
competition, predation, parasitism
Density-independent limiting factors
weather, natural disasters, human activity
Disturbance
Anything that causes changes to the environment- physical, chemical, biological agent
Natural Disturbances
disturbances caused by nature
human-caused disturbances
disturbances caused by humans
Ecosystem stability
all ecosystems are in a state of flux, a stable ecosystem can bounce back from “normal disturbances”
Ecosystem Resilience
the ability of an ecosystem to bounce back after a disturbance
Ecosystem Resistance
ability of an ecosystem to resist change caused by disturbances
ecological succession
a series of biotic changes that occurs on bare land to create a community
primary succession
when an ecosystem is created from bare rock
secondary succession
when an ecosystem is developed on bare soil
primary pioneer species
the species that breaks up the soil/rock
criteria
a principle/standard which something is judged by
homeostasis
maintain internal conditions