Henry VIII foreign policy

First French war

1512 - first invasion - led by marquis of Dorset - 10,000 men - achieved little

1513 - second invasion - battle of spurs, took towns of tournai and therouanne

holy league

1511 - joined an alliance between HRE, Venice, papacy, and Spain

• anti French

First Scottish war

Battle of Flodden -1513

James IV and core Scottish nobility killed

Treaty of Rouen

1517 - peace between France and Scotland

• mutual support between both countries if England invaded

• James would marry Francis’ daughter

• Renewal of the auld alliance

Treaty of London

1518 - universal peace and crusade against the Turks, all major powers signed

Field of cloth of gold

1520 - 18 day festival between England and France, costs England a years worth of revenue

Treaty of Bruges

1521 - secret alliance between England and Spain

Plan an attack on France and a marriage between Mary(his daughter) and Charles V

Second French war

1522-25 unsuccessful attack on Paris as aid didn’t arrive, Suffolk retreated back to Calais

Battle of Pavia - Francis taken prisoner/ core nobility killed

League of cognac

1526 - anti Spanish alliance, Henry refused to join as it was signed in cognac instead of London

However this still angered Spain in England involvement

Treaty of Westminster and Amiens

1527 - peace treaty that ended the third Anglo Dutch war between England and the Netherlands

Gave England back the colony of new Netherland

Declaration of war by Henry on Charles

1528 - joint declaration of war by England and France against Spain

Henry inacted a trade embargo against them which is very unpopular

The schmalkaldic league

1531 - military alliance formed between Henry and the Lutheran Protestants in the HRE

However the alliance was weak and the prices were unwilling to help Henry as they we’re preoccupied with dealing with there own affairs

Treaty of nice

1538 - Peace between France and Spain, both agreed to sever contact with England

Excommunication of Henry

Henry is excommunicated in 1538 by pope John paul III

Scottish invasion

1542 - Series of military victories resulted in the battle of Solway moss - English victory

James V of Scotland died a week later leaving his one month old daughter Mary

Treaty of Greenwich

1543 - proposed manage of Edward (Henry’s son) to Mary Queen of Scot’s

Never ratified

Invasion of Scotland and France

The rough wooing

1544 - series of raids on towns in Scotland and France, such as Edinburgh

• Henry took Bologne in France

• battle of ancrum Moore - failure for England

Auld alliance halted further advancement by English

French counter invasion

1545

French counter invasion at isle of white- French victory but they never went past this point

Mary rose ship sank

Peace with France - 1546

Niether country could afford to carry on fighting - peace was cheeper