ethnicity and culture

function of families

reproduction, socialization, emotional support, social order, economic services

child-rearing goals for european americans

foster independence, self-reliance, individual achievement

child-rearing goals for collectivistic cultures

obedience, respect for authority, importance of group harmony and responsibility

changes in families in last forty years

smaller, more affluent parents, parents keep closer eye on children due to crime, cohabitating couples with dependent children

changes in marital system after having child

roles shift toward more traditional division of labor

benefit of family mealtime

best way for family to share as a group, promotion of language development and academic achievement, reduce risk of eating disorders, substance abuse, increased awareness of cultural traditions, fewer emotion problems

predictors of positive outcomes during divorce

children are protected from conflict, parents don’t criticize one another in front of children, children aren’t pressured to take sides, authoritative co-parenting

cultural socialization

parenting practices that teach cultural values, behaviors, customs

racial socialization

parenting practices that promote racial mistrust and prepare children for racial bias

marshmallow task: how it is affected by culture

children in Africa tend to have higher levels of self-control than children in western cultures

acculturation

assimilation to a difference culture, typically the dominant one

acculturative stress

psychological strain individuals experience when adapting to a new culture

acculturation gap

difference of levels of cultural adaptation between family members

culture broker role

individual who acts as a bridge between people from different cultural backgrounds, reducing misunderstandings and building trust

culturally responsive teaching

teaching approach that uses students’ cultural background and experiences to enhance learning