Migration lessons 1-5

What year did the first agricultural revolution occur.

8000 B.C.E

Five agricultural hearths

SW Asia, E Asia, Central and S Asia, Sub Sahran Africa,
Latin America

Agricultural Revolution

The process that began when human beings first domesticated PLANTS and ANIMALS and no long relied entirely on HUNTING/gathering.(8000 B.C.E)

Columbian Exchange

The transfer of plants, animals, people, disease technology between the Western Hemisphere and Europe. (1500)

Second Agricultural Revolution

INCREASED productivity through improvement of crop rotation and Breeding of livestock.New seeds, fertizlers, pesticides.mechanical equipment, management procedures. (Began in The United Kingdom 17th century)

Population growth influences the..

distribution of types of substance farming.

Subsistence Farming

farming whose products are intended to provide for the basic needs of the farmer, with little surplus for marketing.

Substance farming increase the supply of food through what two ways..

1.New farming methods(tools, weeding, manure,irrigation)
2.Land is left uncultivated for shorter periods

Green Revolution

TWO main practices: introduction go new higher yielder seeds AND expanded use of fertilizers
Because of the Green revolution agricultural productivity increased on a Global Scale.
(1970's-1980)

what was the "miracle wheat seed"?

Short, stiffer wheat that was less sensitive to Crop rust, responded better to fertizlers, produced more wheat, and matured faster.

What three elements form the basis for fertizler?

Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium

Farmers need what to grow the "miracle seeds"?

Machinery, Irrigation, Fertilizer, Land

To maintain the green revolution governments in developing countries needed to..?

Allocated scare funds to afford to cost go seeds, fertilizers, and machinery.

GMO

a living organism that posses a novel combination of genetic material obtained throgh the use of modern biotechnology

Why is GMO-ed seeds negative in Africa?

1.Health Probelms
2.Export Problems
3. More reliance on the US

Organic Agriculture

Farming that depends on the use of naturally occurring substances; reluctance to use biotechnology in farming.

Conservation Tillage

A method of soil cultivation that reduces soil erosion/runoff.

No Tillage

Soil has been left undisturbed.

Ridge Tillage

System of planting crops on ridge tops in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation.

Land use in developed countrys is determined by...?

Market forces AND supply and demand.

Use of the Von Thunen model

explain the importance of proximity to the market in the choice of crops in a commercial farm

First Ring

Market Oriented gardens and Milk producers
This is important beacuse it is expensive to deilver and products are perishable.

Second Ring

Wood,fuel
This is important because of its weight

Thrid Ring

Varoius Crops and Pastures
Rotated from one year to the next

Fourth Ring

Devoted exclusively to Animal pastures
REQUIRES a lot of space

As we move farther away from an Urban Area..

Price of Land goes DOWN

As we move closer to an Urban area..

Price of Land goes UP

Southwest Asia

barely, wheat, lentil, olive, cattle,goats,pigs,sheep
WEST-->Europe
East--> Central Asia

East Asia

Rice,Millet,wallnut,millet
NORTH,SOUTH,SE

Central and South Asia

Chickens, horse
Mostly WEST

Sub-Saharan Africa

Sorgum, Yams,
diffusion SOUTH/west throughout Africa

Latin America

Beans,Cotton(Mexico) Potatoe(Peru)corn
NORTHward-->North America
SOUThward-->tropical of South America

Colubian Exchange brought

DISEASE(Native American Population deminised)
small pox,Influenza, measles, mumps, typhus, and whooping cough.

Affects of agricultural revolution

1.crop/animal domestication
2.increased population
.