Studied by 14 peoplewhat is ecumene
when you would rather live here instead of over there
describe the physical factors of climate, landforms and water bodies
climate is the weather pattern overtime, landforms is where we can survive like growing crops and access to natural resources, water bodies is water for themselves and for plants
define the human factors of culture, economics, history, and political
culture- people tend to live within their cultural groups, economics- tend to live where they can make money, history- people may be forced to flee due to wars, political- people tend to live where there is freedom
define distribution
spatial spread of people in a place
define density
number of people in a space
define arithmetic (crude) density
number of people per square mile or per square kilometer, to calculate take the population of an area and divide by surface area
define physiological density
number of people per unit or arable (farmable) land, to calculate take total population of an area and divide by amount of arable land
define agricultural density
number of farmers per unit of arable land, to calculate take total number of farmers and divide by amount of arable land
what is demography
study of a population
population distribution has 3 impacts, what are they
social, economic, political
what is carrying capacity
the relationship between a population size and the amount of resources
describe a below carrying capacity area
there is an abundant amount of resources for the population
describe an at carrying capacity area
resources and population are even, good amount of resources for ppoulation
describe a over carrying capacity area
the amount of resources is scarce for the population
define sex ratios, how they are calculated, the ratios, and the standard
number of males per 100 females in a population calculated by
ratio < 100 more female births than male, ratio=100 births are even ratio>100 more male than female, the standard biological level is 105:100 more men, sex ratios ten to be higher at younger ages
what do population pyramids show
a snapshot of the demographics of a particular country or region,
population pyramids- if the base is wide and a narrow head...
population is growing rapidly
population pyramid- if it has a narrow base but bigger than the rest...
population is growing slowly
population pyramid- if middle is greatest portion...
population growth is slowing
population pyramid- if narrow trophy shaped pyramid with large top cohorts...
population might be declining
the increasing or decreasing of a population depends on what 3 factors
how many babies are born, how many people die, how many people move in or out
what is the CBR--> crude birth rate
number of live births in an area for every 1000 people alive--> # of live births/1000 ppl
what is the TFR--> total fertility rate
average number of children a woman may have--> average # of babies/per woman
what is mortality and how can it be measured
mortality is deaths, can be measured with IMR and CDR
what is IMR--> infant mortality rate
how many babies under 1 die each year compared to live births--> deaths of infants under 1/1000 births
what is CDR--> crude death rate
total number of deaths in 1 year per 1000 ppl--> #of deaths/1000 ppl
what is the RNI/NRI--> rate of natural increase/natural increase rate
percentage by which population grows in a year--> CBR-CDR=NRI "natural" only counting deaths and births not migration or emigration least developed area will tend to have higher NIR
what are social factors for population
healthcare and education--> improving medicine can reduce the causes of death, improvements in woman's education leads to reduction of TFR
what are cultural factors for population
society shifts about woman's roles in politics and workforce changes demographic and having less children
what are political factors for population
pro or anti natalist encouraging or discouraging citizens to producing children, government can produce gifts or punishments depending on what they believe in
what are environmental factors for population
industrial revolution producing wealth improving safety of communities, using machines to receive food, children are not as important like helping keep a farm--> people have less children
describe stage 1 of the demographic model
low growth- high CBR (no access to contraceptives) and high CDR (no sanitation high IMR) low NIR
describe stage 2 of the demographic model
high growth- high CBR (industrial revolution innovations) falling CDR (increased sanitation) high NIR (Afghanistan, Pakistan, Niger, Yemen)
describe stage 3 of the demographic model
moderate growth- falling CBR (woman entering workforce no time for kids or space) falling CDR and IMR (medicine advances) moderate NIR (Mexico, India, Columbia, South America)
describe stage 4 of the demographic model
low growth- low CBR (woman delaying marriage because of work) low CDR (high incomes better health) no NIR (near or below 0 population growth or declining population) (Argentina, Canada, China, Brazil, Europe, US, South Korea)
describe stage 5 of the demographic model
negative growth- low CBR birth rates fall below death rates rising CDR (increased urbanization) negative NIR
define endemic diseases
tend to stay in a local area
define epidemics
spread through a region and begin infecting other regions
define pandemics
spread across one region to the next (pan means across)
describe stage 1 in the ETM
pestilence and famine- diseases, animal attacks, and crop failure cause people to die, high CDR and low life expectancy
describe stage 2 of the ETM
receding pandemics- better sanitation, nutrition, and medicine lower infection, CDR decreases life expectancy increases
describe stage 3 of the ETM
degenerative diseases- less death from disease because of better medication, aging diseases start to increase (cancer, strokes, heart attacks) longer life expectancy and lower CDR largest population growth
describe stage 4 of the ETM
delayed degenerative and lifestyle diseases- medical advances reduce age diseases, highest life expectancy
describe stage 5 of the ETM
reemergence of infectious diseases- diseases return from overuse of antibiotics, disease mutate, life expectancy lowers slightly
what did Malthus warn
population would outpace food supply because population grows geometrically food grows arithmetically. population exceeds food
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