Chapter 15: Writing Systems

Writing is not language
Writing systems are largely $arbitrary$
Writing and culture $influence$ each other
Five classes of writing systems: * Orthographies- the vast majority of writing systems * Pedographies- writing systems designed for learners * Technographies- scientific tools designed and used by a specialized field * Shorthands- written faster than orthographies, designed to be fast enough to record speech verbatim * Cryptographies- codes designed to conceal information

Writing can represent $sound and/or meaning$
Phonographic systems- system that rely predominantly on the representation of sound * Syllabic writing systems- uses characters to represent particular sequences of sounds * Phonemic writing systems- uses characters that represent individual sounds or segment * Alphabet- systems that represent all sounds * Abjads- systems that represent consonants but not vowels * Abugidas- systems that represent the consonants with full graphemes and the vowels with extra marks
Morphographic systems- systems that rely predominantly on a correspondence between a written grapheme and a particular morpheme * Pictograms- pictures drawn to express ideas * Rebus principle- borrowing a symbol only for the phonemic value that it encodes

Writing can be @@developed and invented@@, a @@new script can be created@@ for a language, or a @@writing system can be borrowed and adapted@@
$Morphographic$ writing systems were developed @@first@@
It is thought that $phonographic writing systems were developed from morphographic writing systems$

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