Pictograms pictures
drawn to express ideas.
Rebus principle
borrowing a symbol only for the phonemic value that it encodes.
Abjads
systems that represent consonants but not vowels.
Shorthands
written faster than orthographies, designed to be fast enough to record speech verbatim.
Orthographies
the vast majority of writing systems.
Alphabet
systems that represent all sounds.
Cryptographies
codes designed to conceal information.
Abugidas
systems that represent the consonants with full graphemes and the vowels with extra marks.
Technographies
scientific tools designed and used by a specialized field.
Phonographic systems
system that rely predominantly on the representation of sound.
Phonemic writing systems
uses characters that represent individual sounds or segment.