Chapter 7: Respiratory System

nas/o-

nose

rhin/o-

nose

sept/o-

septum

sinus/o-

sinus, cavity

pharyng/o-

pharynx (throat)

adenoid/o-

adenoids

tonsill/o-

tonsils

epiglott/o-

epiglottis

laryng/o-

larynx (voice box)

trache/o-

trachea (windpipe)

anthrac/o-

coal, coal dust

atel/o-

incomplete; imperfect

ortho/o-

straight

pector/o; steth/o; thorac/o-

chest

coni/o-

dust

spir/o-

breathe

pleur/o-

pleura

pneum/o or pneumon/o-

air; lung

–ptysis

spitting

–centesis

surgical puncture

–capnia-

carbon dioxide (CO2)

–osmia

smell

–phonia

voice

–pnea

breathing

-thorax

chest

eu-

good, normal

dys-

bad; painful; difficult

coryza-

acute inflammation of the membranes of the nose; also called rhinitis; AKA “common cold”

Influenza

acute, contagious viral disorder of the respiratory tract; symptoms include weakness, fever, chills, and muscle pain, especially in the back, arms, and legs; AKA “flu”

Dyspnea

difficult, bad, painful breathing

Epistaxis

nose bleed

Hemoptysis

spitting up blood

bronchus

plural form is bronchi

bronchioles

smaller (more minute) bronchi

alveoli

tiny sacs at the end of bronchioles

pulmonary capillaries

site of diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide

nasal septum

cartilage structure that divides the nares

mediastinum

space between the right and left lungs containing the heart, aorta, esophagus, and bronchi

pleura

serous membrane covering the lobes of the lungs and lining the thoracic cavity

visceral pleura

membrane closest to the lung

parietal pleura

membrane lining the thoracic cavity

diaphragm

muscular partition dividing thoracic and abdominal cavities

rhinoplasty

surgical repair of the nose

pneumoconiosis

occupational disorder caused by inhaling dust particles

pulmonary embolism

caused by deep vein thrombosis traveling to the lungs

atelectasis

collapsed or airless condition of the lung(s)

cyanosis

bluing of the skin due to lack of oxygen

tachypnea

rapid breathing

bradypnea

slow breathing

anosmia

absence of smell

croup

childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchial passages

pertussis

infectious disease causing whooping cough

pleurisy or pleuritis

inflammation of the pleural membrane

cystic fibrosis

genetic disorder producing thick mucus that blocks airways and ducts of the pancreas

epiglottitis

inflammation of the epiglottis

hypercapnia

excess of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the bloodstream

hypoxemia

low levels of oxygen in the blood

polysomnography

test used to assess for sleep apnea

nasopharynx

part of the pharynx (throat)

oropharynx

part of the pharynx (throat)

laryngopharynx

part of the pharynx (throat)

Asthma

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Emphysema

COPD caused by decreased elasticity of the alveoli

Chronic Bronchitis

COPD

pathway of inhaled air

Nose (nares) → Nasal Cavities → Pharynx (throat) → Larynx (voice box) → Trachea (windpipe) → Bronchi → Bronchioles → Alveoli → Lung capillaries → Oxygen enters the bloodstream