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Simple Pendulum
A mass (bob) attached to a string or rod of fixed length.
Restoring Force in Pendulum
Component of gravitational force that brings the bob back to equilibrium.
Period of Pendulum (T)
Depends on length (L) and acceleration due to gravity (g).
Limit of SHM in Pendulum
Approximation holds for angular displacement less than 15 degrees.
Mass-Spring System
A mass attached to a spring oscillating when displaced.
Period of Mass-Spring System
Described by mass (m) and spring constant (k).
Hooke's Law
Restoring force is proportional to the displacement (x) from equilibrium.
Energy in Mass-Spring System
Oscillates between potential energy in the spring and kinetic energy of the mass.
Torsional Pendulum
A mass suspended by a wire that twists about its axis when displaced.
Period of Torsional Pendulum
Determined by moment of inertia (I) and torsional constant (Īŗ).
Rotational Equivalent of SHM
Restoring torque proportional to angle of twist.
Vibrating String
A string fixed at both ends that vibrates to produce sound.
Nodes
Points of zero displacement in standing waves.
Antinodes
Points of maximum displacement in standing waves.
Fundamental Frequency
Depends on the string's length, tension (T), and mass per unit length (Ī¼).
Wave Speed in String
Given by the tension (T) and mass per unit length (Ī¼).
Oscillating Liquid in U-Tube
Liquid oscillates when displaced from its equilibrium level due to gravity.
Restoring Force in U-Tube
Generated by the height difference between liquid columns.
Vibrating Tuning Fork
Produces sound waves; frequency depends on material and shape.
Prongs of Tuning Fork
Exhibit SHM, creating consistent sound waves.
LC Circuit
Comprises an inductor and a capacitor exchanging energy between fields.
Natural Frequency of LC Circuit
Given by the inductor (L) and capacitor (C) values.
Energy in LC Circuit
Transitions between potential (electric) and kinetic (magnetic) forms.
Vertical Mass-Spring System
Mass hanging from a spring oscillates vertically.
Horizontal Mass-Spring System
Mass attached to a spring oscillates purely horizontally on frictionless surface.
Bungee Jumping
Oscillatory motion due to gravitational and elastic forces.
Interplay in Bungee Jumping
Gravitational force downward and elastic force upward.
Complex Motion in Bungee Jumping
Period varies as the cord stretches and contracts.
Applications of SHM
Includes musical instruments, engineering designs, and scientific measurements.
Insights of SHM
Analyzes and predicts behaviors across various contexts.
Connection of SHM
Links theoretical physics with practical innovations.
Base Principle of SHM
Restoring forces create periodic motion.
Real-world Examples of SHM
Pendulums, springs, tuning forks, and fluids in tubes.
Note 
Flashcard (44)