Enlightened Guys

What did Nicolaus Copernicus create/find/believe in?

Created the Heliocentric model. Found the oproximate orbit period. Earth orbits around the Sun annually, and that Earth turns on its axis. Found the order of the plants.

What was Copernicus main point?

Space and shit.

What did Galileo Galilei create/find/believe in?

Created the Geocentric model. Made the telescope. Said that the heliocentric model was cute, but that the geocentric model was correct because you can see it. Discovered Jupiter's moons and named them after himself.

What was Galileo’s main point?

Space and shit (pt. 2) but half wrong.

What did Francis Bacon create/find/believe in?

Credited with the discovery of the Scientific method. Created the pyramid of knowledge (DIKW), the four idols that cause inaccuracy (Tribe, Cave, Marketplace, Theater), classification of sciences, natural philosophy. Says that minds aren’t accurate in their depiction of things. 

What was Bacon’s main point?

Psychology bitch, dips his toes into other things.

Who said “Knowledge is power.”

Francis Bacon

What did René Descartes create/find/believe in?

Made a system so you can add letters to math. Made rules for deductive reasoning. How to plot points on a graph. Separation between mind and body. Says the nature of a mind is to think. If a thing does not think, it is not a mind.

What was René Descartes main point?

Math guy trying to be smart and religious like Bacon. Think of that Detroit: Become Human with his mind/thinking thing.

Who said “Cogito, ergo sum (I think, therefor I am).”

René Descartes

What did Thomas Hobbes create/find/believe in?

What was Thomas Hobbes’ main point?

Best known for Leviathan which was written during the English Civil War that includes the social contract theory. Says that humans are naturally self interested. Says that a strong central government is necessary to prevent chaos and maintain control.

What did John Locke create/find/believe in?

Credited with the creation of the social contract theory. Influenced the concept of constitutional monarchy. Says that people have natural rights (life, liberty, and property). If the royals don’t protect these rights, they might be removed (with force is necessary). Says that all knowledge (including moral) is learned through experience, and isn’t innate. Believed in natural law and religious toleration.

What was John Locke’s main point?

OG rebel, founder of modern “liberal” thought. Social contract theory, right to revolt. Knowledge is learned.

Who said “Whenever Law ends, Tyranny begins.”

John Locke

What did Montesquieu create/find/believe in?

Separation of powers (legislative, executive, and judicial). Break up power into different branches so no one gets too much power, and cause the other branches can keep them in check. Inspired the American government.

What was Montesquieu main point?

Seperation of power

Who said “There is no greater tyranny than that which is perpetrated under the shield of the law and in the name of justice.”

Montesquieu

What did Voltaire create/find/believe in?

The purpose of life isn’t to reach heaven, it’s to be happy through scientific and artistic progress. Separation of church and state. Religious toleration. Human rights (no torture or useless punishments).

What was Voltaire’s main point?

Everyone should be happy and chill. No suffering.

Who said “God gave us life; it is up to us to give ourselves the gift of living well.”

Voltaire

What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau create/find/believe in?

Social contract between the government and it’s people. Government should express the will of its people and allow them to have individual rights. Laws are made by civilians. Let kids be kids, give them education (not woman or people of color though).

What was Jean-Jacques Rousseau main point?

Social contract. Citizens help shape the government. Let kids be kids.

Who said “Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains.”

Jean-Jacques Rousseau