How many colonists were killed at shot heard around the world?
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supplies
Colonists were able to move the ______ in Concord before the British arrived
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Boston
The British had to fight their way back to ____.
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May-June 1775
When does the second continental congress take place?
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John Hancock
Who was elected president of the congress at second continental congress?
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Declare independence and declare for war
What debate was at the second continental congress?
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Created the continental army
George Washington appointed commander
Authorized the printing of money to pay troops
Organized committee to deal with foreign nations
What 4 actions were taken by Congress? (short answer)
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continental army
Created the ___ ____
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George Washington
___ ___ appointed as commander (was not a popular choice)
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money
Authorized the printing of ____ to pay troops
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foreign nations
Organized committee to deal with _____
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June 1775, no
When did the battle of Bunker hill happen? was Washington there?
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Boston
British General William Howe wanted to drive the Patriots from the fortified hills north of ____.
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third try, ammunition
British suceed on the ___ because colonists ran out of _____.
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450 colonial, over 1,000 British
How many colonial and British casualties were at Bunker Hill?
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moral, costly
Bunker Hill was a ___ victory for colonists. Bunker hill was a _____ British victory.
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July 8, 1775
When do the colonists send the Olive Branch Petition
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King George III, harmony
Colonists send ____ the Olive Branch Petition urging a return to “the former ____”
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olive branch petition
George III rejects the _____
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naval blockade
George III ordered a ______ of American coast
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Thomas Paine
Who wrote “Common Sense”
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It was an attack on King George III (propaganda-exaggerated)
What was common sense?
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100,000, convinces many Americans to rebel
How many copies of Common sense were sold? What does it do?
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Independence is America’s destiny
Independence will allow free trade
and get foreign aid
Independence can give equal social
and economic opportunities to all.
What 3 arguments does Common sense make?
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destiny
Independence is America’s _____
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free trade, foreign aid
Independence will allow ___ and get __ ___
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social, economic
Independence can give equal _____ and ______ opportunities to all
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government
Congress urges each colony to form its own ____
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the reasons
Congress appointed a 5 man committee to prepare a formal declaration explaining _____ why they are declaring independence
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Ben Franklin, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Roger Sherman, Robert Livingston
Who (5 people) was on the committee congress appointed?
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Thomas Jefferson
Virginia lawyer, author of declaration of independence, least controversial
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slavery, women
Jefferson did not mention ___ and ____
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Abigail Adams, Remember the ladies
Who wrote letter to John Adams called “______” which urged John Adams to include women in the ideas on independence
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four parts\`
How many parts was the declaration divided into?
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preamble
Introduction - states the purpose the declare independence
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political ideas, government
The preamble describes the explanation of ______ it will make up the new ________ (unalienable rights, social contract, popular sovereignty self-rule)
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unalienable rights, social contract, popular sovereignty-self rule
What are the 4 parts of the new government?
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listing of reasons
3rd paragraph, why revolting 27 grievances anti king
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Conclusion
last paragraph, formal breaking away from Britian
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Declaration of independence
Formal statement of seperation
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John Locke
The declaration drew concepts of _____ - natural rights
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people
Declared governments derive powers from the consent of the _____
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overthrow it
When government fails, people have the right to _____.
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men
State that “all ____ are created equal
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all free citzens
Expressed the belief that ______ are political equals
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56 men, John Hancock
___ sign declaration and are viewed as traitors -____
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unanimously
July 2, 1776 delegates vote ______
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Declaration of Independence, July 8th Easton
July 4th: adopt the ____ - read aloud at _____
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Loyalists
Those who opposed independence, people in government, people who knew little of events or those who thought the King would better protect their rights
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Patriots
Support independence, believe there would be economic benefits to independence, 1/3 of population
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Quakers
Supported patriots but did not fight, pacifists
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African Americans
few fought on side of patriots, Britain promised to free them
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England
Who had population Advantage
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England
Population was 10 million but how much had an interest in fighting, hired 30,000 Hessian Soldiers
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Colonies
2\.5 million residents, 1/3 pro war
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England
Which side has better manufacturing
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England
Numerous factories that allowed them to produce war materials
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Colonies
Few factories, blockade and mercantilism, France helped secretly with war supplies
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England
Which side had better finances
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England
Richest country in the world, strong government that could tax
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Colonies
Continental congress acted like a government, did not have power to enforce taxes, printed own money
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Colonies
Which side had better military leadership
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England
Weak military leadership, Generals Howe, Clinton, Burgoyne, Cornwallis cost Britain the war
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Colonies
George Washington was military genius, other general George Rogers Clark (west), Nathaniel Greene (south), also had help from foreign generals (Lafayette)
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England
Which side had the better army
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England
Well trained and equipped, professional soldiers, they LACKED motivation to fight
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Colonies
untrained volunteers that were undisciplined and poorly equipped, continental army had 3, 6, 12 month enlistments (SHORT), soldiers were MOTIVATED for the sake of independence
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Colonies
Which side had better geography
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England
3,000 miles away from home, communication and supply line issues, unfamiliar with the geography/climate
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Colonies
Home field advantage, key to fighting style and strategy, defensive - “Don’t lose” (don’t surrender, key drag on war)
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England
Which side had the better Navy
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England
Biggest and strongest navy in the world, blockade worked, limited battles tho
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Colonies
Infant stage, privateers (owns their own ship attacks British ships), John Paul Jones-father of the Navy
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Fall 1776
When did battle at New York happen
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Boston
British evacuate ______ in March 1776 - They will be back
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William Howe
General ______ return and invades New York City
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Largest invasion
______ in history - 400 ships, 32,000 troops, hessians
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New England
Wanted to cut off _____ from the rest of the colonies
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Patriots
______ lose control of a major port city
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Washington
______ suffers humiliating defeat and is forced to retreat to PA.
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not following Washington and ending the war
What is General William Howe’s first mistake
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NYC, “Lady friend”
British are overconfident - decide to stay in _____ for the winter - Howe’s ______
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Washington
Gives _______ opportunity to regroup and to fight another day.
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Enlistments expired January 1st
Why was Washington desperate for a victory at Trenton?
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December 26th 1776
When did Trenton take place?
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Thomas Paine’s
Washington read ______ “The Crisis” to motivate troops.
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Hessians
Washington planned to attack the day after Christmas - surprise the ______ celebration
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Delaware river
Washington and 2,400 troops cross the ______ on Christmas night
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Continental Army
Washington’s first win raised the spirits of the _______ and many reenlisted
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prisoner
900 Hessians taken _____ and captured much needed cannons, ammunition, and supplies
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Charles Cornwallis
General Howe sends General ______ to find Washington
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10 days
Washington scores a second victory
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January 1777
When did the battle at Princeton take place?
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“Camp-Fire trick”
Cornwallis falls for the _______
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Summer 1777
When did the battle at Philadelphia take place?
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General Howe
___ arrives in Philadelphia. He wants to take capital city and capture the ____ _____
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Flashcard (90)