American studies lesson 3 and 4 test

700 British troops, stockpiled weapons

Thomas Gage sent __ to Concord to seize __ ____

70 colonial militiamen

Troops were met by ___ ___ ___ in lexington

revolution

Shot heard around the world ____ begins

8 colonists

How many colonists were killed at shot heard around the world?

supplies

Colonists were able to move the ______ in Concord before the British arrived

Boston

The British had to fight their way back to ____.

May-June 1775

When does the second continental congress take place?

John Hancock

Who was elected president of the congress at second continental congress?

Declare independence and declare for war

What debate was at the second continental congress?

Created the continental army

George Washington appointed commander

Authorized the printing of money to pay troops

Organized committee to deal with foreign nations

What 4 actions were taken by Congress? (short answer)

continental army

Created the ___ ____

George Washington

___ ___ appointed as commander (was not a popular choice)

money

Authorized the printing of ____ to pay troops

foreign nations

Organized committee to deal with _____

June 1775, no

When did the battle of Bunker hill happen? was Washington there?

Boston

British General William Howe wanted to drive the Patriots from the fortified hills north of ____.

third try, ammunition

British suceed on the ___ because colonists ran out of _____.

450 colonial, over 1,000 British

How many colonial and British casualties were at Bunker Hill?

moral, costly

Bunker Hill was a ___ victory for colonists. Bunker hill was a _____ British victory.

July 8, 1775

When do the colonists send the Olive Branch Petition

King George III, harmony

Colonists send ____ the Olive Branch Petition urging a return to “the former ____”

olive branch petition

George III rejects the _____

naval blockade

George III ordered a ______ of American coast

Thomas Paine

Who wrote “Common Sense”

It was an attack on King George III (propaganda-exaggerated)

What was common sense?

100,000, convinces many Americans to rebel

How many copies of Common sense were sold? What does it do?

Independence is America’s destiny

Independence will allow free trade

and get foreign aid

Independence can give equal social

and economic opportunities to all.

What 3 arguments does Common sense make?

destiny

Independence is America’s _____

free trade, foreign aid

Independence will allow ___ and get __ ___

social, economic

Independence can give equal _____ and ______ opportunities to all

government

Congress urges each colony to form its own ____

the reasons

Congress appointed a 5 man committee to prepare a formal declaration explaining _____ why they are declaring independence

Ben Franklin, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Roger Sherman, Robert Livingston

Who (5 people) was on the committee congress appointed?

Thomas Jefferson

Virginia lawyer, author of declaration of independence, least controversial

slavery, women

Jefferson did not mention ___ and ____

Abigail Adams, Remember the ladies

Who wrote letter to John Adams called “______” which urged John Adams to include women in the ideas on independence

four parts\`

How many parts was the declaration divided into?

preamble

Introduction - states the purpose the declare independence

political ideas, government

The preamble describes the explanation of ______ it will make up the new ________ (unalienable rights, social contract, popular sovereignty self-rule)

unalienable rights, social contract, popular sovereignty-self rule

What are the 4 parts of the new government?

listing of reasons

3rd paragraph, why revolting 27 grievances anti king

Conclusion

last paragraph, formal breaking away from Britian

Declaration of independence

Formal statement of seperation

John Locke

The declaration drew concepts of _____ - natural rights

people

Declared governments derive powers from the consent of the _____

overthrow it

When government fails, people have the right to _____.

men

State that “all ____ are created equal

all free citzens

Expressed the belief that ______ are political equals

56 men, John Hancock

___ sign declaration and are viewed as traitors -____

unanimously

July 2, 1776 delegates vote ______

Declaration of Independence, July 8th Easton

July 4th: adopt the ____ - read aloud at _____

Loyalists

Those who opposed independence, people in government, people who knew little of events or those who thought the King would better protect their rights

Patriots

Support independence, believe there would be economic benefits to independence, 1/3 of population

Quakers

Supported patriots but did not fight, pacifists

African Americans

few fought on side of patriots, Britain promised to free them

England

Who had population Advantage

England

Population was 10 million but how much had an interest in fighting, hired 30,000 Hessian Soldiers

Colonies

2\.5 million residents, 1/3 pro war

England

Which side has better manufacturing

England

Numerous factories that allowed them to produce war materials

Colonies

Few factories, blockade and mercantilism, France helped secretly with war supplies

England

Which side had better finances

England

Richest country in the world, strong government that could tax

Colonies

Continental congress acted like a government, did not have power to enforce taxes, printed own money

Colonies

Which side had better military leadership

England

Weak military leadership, Generals Howe, Clinton, Burgoyne, Cornwallis cost Britain the war

Colonies

George Washington was military genius, other general George Rogers Clark (west), Nathaniel Greene (south), also had help from foreign generals (Lafayette)

England

Which side had the better army

England

Well trained and equipped, professional soldiers, they LACKED motivation to fight

Colonies

untrained volunteers that were undisciplined and poorly equipped, continental army had 3, 6, 12 month enlistments (SHORT), soldiers were MOTIVATED for the sake of independence

Colonies

Which side had better geography

England

3,000 miles away from home, communication and supply line issues, unfamiliar with the geography/climate

Colonies

Home field advantage, key to fighting style and strategy, defensive - “Don’t lose” (don’t surrender, key drag on war)

England

Which side had the better Navy

England

Biggest and strongest navy in the world, blockade worked, limited battles tho

Colonies

Infant stage, privateers (owns their own ship attacks British ships), John Paul Jones-father of the Navy

Fall 1776

When did battle at New York happen

Boston

British evacuate ______ in March 1776 - They will be back

William Howe

General ______ return and invades New York City

Largest invasion

______ in history - 400 ships, 32,000 troops, hessians

New England

Wanted to cut off _____ from the rest of the colonies

Patriots

______ lose control of a major port city

Washington

______ suffers humiliating defeat and is forced to retreat to PA.

not following Washington and ending the war

What is General William Howe’s first mistake

NYC, “Lady friend”

British are overconfident - decide to stay in _____ for the winter - Howe’s ______

Washington

Gives _______ opportunity to regroup and to fight another day.

Enlistments expired January 1st

Why was Washington desperate for a victory at Trenton?

December 26th 1776

When did Trenton take place?

Thomas Paine’s

Washington read ______ “The Crisis” to motivate troops.

Hessians

Washington planned to attack the day after Christmas - surprise the ______ celebration

Delaware river

Washington and 2,400 troops cross the ______ on Christmas night

Continental Army

Washington’s first win raised the spirits of the _______ and many reenlisted

prisoner

900 Hessians taken _____ and captured much needed cannons, ammunition, and supplies

Charles Cornwallis

General Howe sends General ______ to find Washington

10 days

Washington scores a second victory

January 1777

When did the battle at Princeton take place?

“Camp-Fire trick”

Cornwallis falls for the _______

Summer 1777

When did the battle at Philadelphia take place?

General Howe

___ arrives in Philadelphia. He wants to take capital city and capture the ____ _____

Invades Philadelphia and doesn’t tell anyone

What is Howe’s second mistake?