Studied by 7 people
700 British troops, stockpiled weapons
Thomas Gage sent __ to Concord to seize __ ____
70 colonial militiamen
Troops were met by ___ ___ ___ in lexington
revolution
Shot heard around the world ____ begins
8 colonists
How many colonists were killed at shot heard around the world?
supplies
Colonists were able to move the ______ in Concord before the British arrived
Boston
The British had to fight their way back to ____.
May-June 1775
When does the second continental congress take place?
John Hancock
Who was elected president of the congress at second continental congress?
Declare independence and declare for war
What debate was at the second continental congress?
Created the continental army
George Washington appointed commander
Authorized the printing of money to pay troops
Organized committee to deal with foreign nations
What 4 actions were taken by Congress? (short answer)
continental army
Created the ___ ____
George Washington
___ ___ appointed as commander (was not a popular choice)
money
Authorized the printing of ____ to pay troops
foreign nations
Organized committee to deal with _____
June 1775, no
When did the battle of Bunker hill happen? was Washington there?
Boston
British General William Howe wanted to drive the Patriots from the fortified hills north of ____.
third try, ammunition
British suceed on the ___ because colonists ran out of _____.
450 colonial, over 1,000 British
How many colonial and British casualties were at Bunker Hill?
moral, costly
Bunker Hill was a ___ victory for colonists. Bunker hill was a _____ British victory.
July 8, 1775
When do the colonists send the Olive Branch Petition
King George III, harmony
Colonists send ____ the Olive Branch Petition urging a return to “the former ____”
olive branch petition
George III rejects the _____
naval blockade
George III ordered a ______ of American coast
Thomas Paine
Who wrote “Common Sense”
It was an attack on King George III (propaganda-exaggerated)
What was common sense?
100,000, convinces many Americans to rebel
How many copies of Common sense were sold? What does it do?
Independence is America’s destiny
Independence will allow free trade
and get foreign aid
Independence can give equal social
and economic opportunities to all.
What 3 arguments does Common sense make?
destiny
Independence is America’s _____
free trade, foreign aid
Independence will allow ___ and get __ ___
social, economic
Independence can give equal _____ and ______ opportunities to all
government
Congress urges each colony to form its own ____
the reasons
Congress appointed a 5 man committee to prepare a formal declaration explaining _____ why they are declaring independence
Ben Franklin, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Roger Sherman, Robert Livingston
Who (5 people) was on the committee congress appointed?
Thomas Jefferson
Virginia lawyer, author of declaration of independence, least controversial
slavery, women
Jefferson did not mention ___ and ____
Abigail Adams, Remember the ladies
Who wrote letter to John Adams called “______” which urged John Adams to include women in the ideas on independence
four parts`
How many parts was the declaration divided into?
preamble
Introduction - states the purpose the declare independence
political ideas, government
The preamble describes the explanation of ______ it will make up the new ________ (unalienable rights, social contract, popular sovereignty self-rule)
unalienable rights, social contract, popular sovereignty-self rule
What are the 4 parts of the new government?
listing of reasons
3rd paragraph, why revolting 27 grievances anti king
Conclusion
last paragraph, formal breaking away from Britian
Declaration of independence
Formal statement of seperation
John Locke
The declaration drew concepts of _____ - natural rights
people
Declared governments derive powers from the consent of the _____
overthrow it
When government fails, people have the right to _____.
men
State that “all ____ are created equal
all free citzens
Expressed the belief that ______ are political equals
56 men, John Hancock
___ sign declaration and are viewed as traitors -____
unanimously
July 2, 1776 delegates vote ______
Declaration of Independence, July 8th Easton
July 4th: adopt the ____ - read aloud at _____
Loyalists
Those who opposed independence, people in government, people who knew little of events or those who thought the King would better protect their rights
Patriots
Support independence, believe there would be economic benefits to independence, 1/3 of population
Quakers
Supported patriots but did not fight, pacifists
African Americans
few fought on side of patriots, Britain promised to free them
England
Who had population Advantage
England
Population was 10 million but how much had an interest in fighting, hired 30,000 Hessian Soldiers
Colonies
2.5 million residents, 1/3 pro war
England
Which side has better manufacturing
England
Numerous factories that allowed them to produce war materials
Colonies
Few factories, blockade and mercantilism, France helped secretly with war supplies
England
Which side had better finances
England
Richest country in the world, strong government that could tax
Colonies
Continental congress acted like a government, did not have power to enforce taxes, printed own money
Colonies
Which side had better military leadership
England
Weak military leadership, Generals Howe, Clinton, Burgoyne, Cornwallis cost Britain the war
Colonies
George Washington was military genius, other general George Rogers Clark (west), Nathaniel Greene (south), also had help from foreign generals (Lafayette)
England
Which side had the better army
England
Well trained and equipped, professional soldiers, they LACKED motivation to fight
Colonies
untrained volunteers that were undisciplined and poorly equipped, continental army had 3, 6, 12 month enlistments (SHORT), soldiers were MOTIVATED for the sake of independence
Colonies
Which side had better geography
England
3,000 miles away from home, communication and supply line issues, unfamiliar with the geography/climate
Colonies
Home field advantage, key to fighting style and strategy, defensive - “Don’t lose” (don’t surrender, key drag on war)
England
Which side had the better Navy
England
Biggest and strongest navy in the world, blockade worked, limited battles tho
Colonies
Infant stage, privateers (owns their own ship attacks British ships), John Paul Jones-father of the Navy
Fall 1776
When did battle at New York happen
Boston
British evacuate ______ in March 1776 - They will be back
William Howe
General ______ return and invades New York City
Largest invasion
______ in history - 400 ships, 32,000 troops, hessians
New England
Wanted to cut off _____ from the rest of the colonies
Patriots
______ lose control of a major port city
Washington
______ suffers humiliating defeat and is forced to retreat to PA.
not following Washington and ending the war
What is General William Howe’s first mistake
NYC, “Lady friend”
British are overconfident - decide to stay in _____ for the winter - Howe’s ______
Washington
Gives _______ opportunity to regroup and to fight another day.
Enlistments expired January 1st
Why was Washington desperate for a victory at Trenton?
December 26th 1776
When did Trenton take place?
Thomas Paine’s
Washington read ______ “The Crisis” to motivate troops.
Hessians
Washington planned to attack the day after Christmas - surprise the ______ celebration
Delaware river
Washington and 2,400 troops cross the ______ on Christmas night
Continental Army
Washington’s first win raised the spirits of the _______ and many reenlisted
prisoner
900 Hessians taken _____ and captured much needed cannons, ammunition, and supplies
Charles Cornwallis
General Howe sends General ______ to find Washington
10 days
Washington scores a second victory
January 1777
When did the battle at Princeton take place?
“Camp-Fire trick”
Cornwallis falls for the _______
Summer 1777
When did the battle at Philadelphia take place?
General Howe
___ arrives in Philadelphia. He wants to take capital city and capture the ____ _____
Invades Philadelphia and doesn’t tell anyone
What is Howe’s second mistake?
Note 
Flashcard (20)