Bioenergetics and Carbs

The Gibbs energy at equilibrium::Delta G = Delta G at standard conditions + RTlnK

The Gibbs energy::Delta G at standard conditions = Delta G + RTlnQ

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• G is the overall free energy change between actual starting chemical potentials of all components and equilibrium.
• Q is actual starting conditions

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Coupled reactions

• Coupled reaction makes an unfavorable reaction favorable
• Many biological processes are endergonic (the physiological mass action ratio > equilibrium mass action ratio)
• A reaction that wants to reverse can move forward by:
  • Free energy coupling::Add delta G values of coupled processes
  • Removal of products

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