Metals that form more than one Monoatomic Ions

Cr^2+, Cr^3+

Chromium (II) and Chromium (III)

Co^2+, Co^3+

Cobalt (II) and Cobalt (III)

Cu^+, Cu^2+

Copper (I) and Copper (II)

Fe^2+, Fe^3+

Iron (II) and Iron (III)

Pb^2+, Pb^3+

Lead (II) and Lead (IV)

Hg2^+, Hg2^2+

Mercury (I) and Mercury (II)

Sn^2+, Sn^3+

Tin (II) and Tin (IV)

1 mile

1.609 kilometers

1 yard

0.9144 meter

1 foot (ft)

0.3048 meter (m)

1 inch (in)

2.54 cm (exactly)

1 cubic foot (ft³)

0.02832 m³ (cubic meters)

1 gallon

3.785 dm³

1 quart

0.9464 dm³ or 946.4 cm³

1 fluid ounce

29.57 cm³

1 pound

0.4536 kg

760 torr

760 mmhg

1 atm

760 torr and 101.35kPa

Boyle Gas Laws

P1V1=P2V2 where V = 1/P inversely proportional

Charles Law

V = T where V1/T1 = V2/T2 proportional

Avogadros Law

V = N where V1/n1 = V2/n2 proportional

Sigma Bonds (stronger)

end to end where they overlap s-s orbitals, s-p orbitals, p-p orbital with hybridized (sp, sp2, sp3..)

Pi Bonds

sideways overlap with unhybridized p-orbitals

accuracy

measures how close a measurement is to the true or accepted value

precision

measures how close multiple measurements are to each other

Oxidization

loss electrons reduced agent

Reduction

Gain electron (oxidizing agent)

Intensive properties

Pressure, Temperature, Density, Concentration, Melting Point, Boiling Point, Surface Tension, Viscosity

Extensive Properties

Mass, Volume, Internal energy, Heat capacity, Enthalpy, Entropy, Helmholtz energy, Gibbs Energy.

centi

c (10^-2)

Kilo

k (10^3)

Milli

m (10^-3)

micro

mu (10^-6)

nano

n (10^-9)

pico

p (10^-12)