Biological Stain Analysis

These flashcards cover essential terminology and definitions related to the analysis of biological stains and forensic blood testing.

Blood

A highly complex mixture of cells, enzymes, proteins, and inorganic substances.

Plasma

The fluid portion of blood, composed principally of water.

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

Solid materials suspended in plasma, responsible for carrying oxygen.

White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)

Cells in the blood that are part of the immune system.

Platelets

Cell fragments in blood that help in clotting.

Antigens

Proteins located on the surface of red blood cells responsible for blood-type characteristics.

ABO Blood Group System

A system to classify blood types based on the presence or absence of A and B antigens.

Rh Factor

An antigen that determines whether blood is positive or negative based on the presence of the D antigen.

Agglutination

The clumping of blood cells in response to a specific antibody.

Kastle-Meyer Test

A presumptive test for blood that produces a deep pink color when positive.

Luminol Test

A test used to detect trace amounts of blood by producing luminescence in dark areas.

Takayama Test

A test that identifies blood by forming characteristic crystals when blood is mixed with pyridine.

Precipitin Test

A test to determine whether a blood stain is of human or animal origin.

Gel Diffusion

A technique used to observe the interaction between antigens and antibodies.

Acid Phosphatase Test

A test that indicates the presence of seminal stains through purple coloration.

DNA Typing

A method used to associate biological materials to a specific individual.

Sex Crime Evidence Collection Kit

A kit used for the collection of physical evidence from victims and suspects in sexual assault cases.