Studied by 23 people
(Q1) (T or F) The peripheral nervous system is composed of your brain and spinal cord.
False
(Q1) (T or F) Motor signals (going from the brain to the periphery) are conveyed along efferent neurons, and sensory information (from the periphery to the brain) is transmitted by afferent nerve fibers.
True
(Q1) (T or F) Passive forces are generated by contraction of chest wall muscles during inspiration.
False
(Q1) ( T or F) The primary function of the pulmonary apparatus is to support speech production.
False
(Q1) The respiratory system are shown in what planes in images A to C?
A = Axial, B = Coronal, C = Sagittal
(Q1) (T or F) The ribcage and abdomen (AB) are regarded as components of the CHEST WALL, but are not essential for respiration, speech, and voice production.
False
(Q1) Muscles for inspiration versus muscles for expiration are examples of _________ muscles.
Antagonist
(Q1) (T or F) The ribcage is a rigid structure which consists of 18 pairs of immovable ribs made entirely of bone with immovable attachments to the sternum and vertebral column.
False
(Q1) Your thoracic spine is _________ to your sternum. (anatomical position)
Dorsal
(Q1) Pleural Pressure is ______. (check all that apply:)
always positive
always negative
is fluctuating negative to positive
is fluctuating positive to negative
ALWAYS Negative
(Q2) Assume lips/mouth open and vocal folds abducted. Now, a rapid increase in the vertical dimension of lung space within the rib cage is associated with:
a.) increased alveolar pressure primarily due to active contraction of the diaphragm and expiratory air flow
b.) increased alveolar pressure primarily due to active contraction of the diaphragm and inspiratory air flow
c.) decreased alveolar pressure primarily due to active contraction of the diaphragm and expiratory air flow.
d.) Decreased alveolar pressure primarily due to active contraction of the diaphragm and inspiratory air flow
d.) decreased alveolar pressure primarily due to active contraction of the diaphragm and inspiratory air flow.
(Q2) Which of the following helps decrease the surface tension in the alveoli to improve respiratory function?
essential oils'
surfactant
synovial fluid
pleural fluid
Surfactant
(Q2) (pick the BEST answer) Sources of passive force in the chest wall include:
The elasticity and contraction of the Pectoralis Major muscle
Recoil of muscles, connective tissue, bone (ribs), cartilage (ribs), ligaments, surface tension of alveoli, and gravity
Diaphragm muscle contraction
Contraction of the scalenes muscles
Recoil of muscles, connective tissue, bone (ribs), cartilage (ribs), ligaments, surface tension of alveoli, and gravity
(Q2) The costosternal and costovertebral joins make the following movements possible:
Flexion of the cervical vertebrae
Hip flexion relative to the lumbar spine
“bucket-handle” and “pump-handle” rotation of the ribs
Skull rotation
“bucket-handle and “pump-handle” rotation of the ribs.
(Q2) Increasing lung volume from 38% to 60% vital capacity in preparation for conversational speech likely involves activation of these muscles:
interosseous internal intercostal muscles
rectus abdominus muscles
subcostal muscles
external intercostal & diaphragm muscles
external intercostal & diaphragm muscles
(Q2) (T or F) The narrow space between the parietal pleura and visceral pleura is normally filled with air to facilitate coupling of the rib cage wall to the lungs, thereby allowing the lungs to expand during inspiration.
False
(Q2) Identify the muscle pairs listen below which are antagonists:
levatores costarum and pectoralis major
External intercostals and intercartilaginous internal intercostals
Sternocleidomastoid and interosseus internal intercostals
scalenes (all) and lateral iliocostalis cervicis
Lateral iliocostalis lumborum and quadratus lumborum
Sternocleidomastoid and interosseous internal intercostals
(Q2) Your functional residual (reserve) capacity is…
IRV + VC
TV + IRV
IRV + ERV
ERV + RV
ERV + RV
(Q2) (T or F) In relation to breathing, contraction of the abdominal muscles (rectus abdominal, transversus and the external and internal obliques) serve to compress the abdominal contents and pull ribs downward, thus providing a forceful inspiratory drive.
False
(Q2) (T or F) The transversus abdominus muscles is deep to the internal oblique abdominal muscles, and is especially effective at compressing abdominal contents.
True
(T1) Identify the location term matching “c” in the diagram:
Anterior and dorsal
caudal and rostral
posterior and dorsal
posterior and ventral
anterior and ventral
anterior and ventral
(T1) Which muscle has fibers from sternal, costal, and vertebral portions inserting into its central tendon?
latissimus dorsi
diaphragm
quadratus lumborum
sternocleidomastoid
external oblique
Diaphragm
(T1) Which of the following monitors oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the arterial blood?
terminal end buttons
lewy body receptors
central chemoreceptors
peripheral chemoreceptors
mechanoreceptors
Peripheral chemoreceptors
(T1) A pneumothorax is primarily characterized by which of the following?
air escaping from the lung into the pleural space causing positive pleural pressure
aspiration of foreign material into the lungs
low levels of surfactant production changing pleural pressure
the replacement of lung tissue with stiff, scar-like tissure
air escaping from the lung into the pleural space causing negative pleural pressure
air escaping from the lung into the pleural space causing positive pleural pressure
(T1) The movement of the ribs that primarily helps increase transverse (side to side) thorax dimensions is the:
bucket handle
clavicual-sternal handle
none are correct
pump handle
sternal handle
bucket handle
(T1) what structure forms the superior boundary of the chest cavity?
pectoral girdle
diaphragm
larynx
lumbar spine
pelvic girdle
Pectoral girdle
(T1) Identify the four major abdominal muscles important for exhalation:
rectus abdominus, transversus abdominus, external obliques, internal obliques
subclavius, rectus abdominus, levatores costarum, transversus abdominus
external obliques, internal obliques, lateral iliocostalis lumborum, quadratus lumborum
rectus abdominus, transversus abdominus, lateral iliocostalis cervicis, serratus posterior superior
rectus abdominus, transversus abdominus, external obliques, internal obliques
(T1) In contranst to quiet speech, loud speech is associated with higher targeted alveolar pressure in addition to:
larger lung volumes and greater relaxation pressure
larger lung volumes and lesser relaxation pressure
smaller lung volumes and smaller relaxation pressure
smaller lung volumes and greater relaxation pressure
larger lung volumes and greater relaxation pressure
(T1) The different layers of the meninges are:
Parietal, visceral, pia
Dura, Arachnoid, Pia
Arachnoid, Alma, Dura
Dura, Visceral, parietal
Dura, Arachnoid, Pia (think DAP)
(T1) (T or F) Air pressure inside the lungs is known as pleural pressure.
False
(T1) Which of the following are True Ribs?
8-10
1-7
11-12
none of these
all of them
True ribs = 1-7!
(T1) Contraction of which muscle will produce expiratory force?
inter-cartilaginous internal intercostals
pectoralis minor
masseter
external intercostals
interosseous internal intercostal
Interosseus internal intercostals
(T1) The thin tissue covering the surface of the chest wall that forms one side of the “pleural sandwich” is known as:
abdominal pleura
transverse pleural
parietal pleura
visceral pleura
Parietal pleura
(T1) As people age, their vital capacity…
fluctuates
stays the same
decreases
increases
decreases
(T1) Quick changes in loudness, pitch and timing of the voice during running speech is known as:
language fluctuation
speech flow
linguistic stress
respiratory braking
Linguistic stress
(T1) Slurring of words due to decreased coordination and proprioception (awareness of body position and movement) is likely due to damage of the:
cerebellum
brain stem
motor strip
parietal lobe
sensory strip
Cerebellum
(T1) Damage to the corticospinal tract will likely result in which of the following impairment(s):
decreased movement of the tongue and face
Decreased movement of the tongue during articulation
Food entering the nasal cavity during swallowing
decreased movement of the tongue during articulation and the diaphragm during respiration
decreased movement of the diaphragm during respiration
Decreased movement of the diaphragm during respiration
(T1) In the supine position:
there is no different in body shape of position that when upright.
the abdominal wall falls in, and the diaphragm falls toward the head, meaning the person will shout quieter than when upright.
the abdominal wall falls in, and the diaphragm falls toward the feet, meaning the person will shout quieter than when upright.
the abdominal wall falls in, and the diaphragm falls toward the feet, meaning the person can shout louder than when upright
the abdominal wall falls in, and the diaphragm falls toward the head, meaning the person can shout louder than when upright.
the abdominal wall falls in, and the diaphragm falls toward the head, meaning the person will shout quieter than when upright
(T1) use the combined lung and chest wall relaxation pressure curve to answer the following question:
At 90% vital capacity (point a) the recoil/relaxation pressure is:
positive for the chest wall and negative for the lungs
negative for the chest wall and positive for the lungs
positive for both the chest wall and lungs
negative for both the chest wall and lungs
Positive for both the chest wall and lungs
(T1) The lungs and larynx are considered to be part of the ______ for speech
source / generator
oral system
filter
Source / generator
(T1) in which neural structure is the central pattern generator for respiration located
Medulla of the brain stem
(T1) A client with spinal cord injury resulting in poor control of muscles of the ribcage and diaphragm may have to resort to which type of non-typical breathing pattern?
Clavicular breathing
(T1) Which of the following is an example of running speech?
sustain vowel production
repeated syllable production (eg la la la)
singing a note
public speaking
public speaking!
(T1) An injury impairing an individual’s ability to move their tongue would affect which of the four subsystems?
pharyngeal-oral
velopharyngeal nasal
respiratory
laryngeal
pharyngeal - oral
(T1) When the lungs are removed from the body, they rest and are at equilibrium:
slightly open
not enough info to answer
collapsed
fully open
collapsed
(T1) Label #26 on the graph below
tidal volume
expiratory reserve volume
vital capacity
inspiratory capacity
inspiratory reserve volume
inspiratory reserve volume
(T1) Label #27 on the graph below.
inspiratory capacity
tidal volume
inspiratory reserve volume
vital capacity
expiratory reserve volume
Inspiratory capacity
(T1) Label #28 on the graph below
inspiratory reserve volume
residual volume
tidal volume
functional residual (reserve) capacity
expiratory reserve volume
tidal volume
(T1) Label #29 on the graph below
tidal volume
residual volume
inspiratory reserve volume
expiratory reserve volume
functional residual (reserve) capacity
Expiratory Reserve volume
(T1) Label #30 on the graph below (the vertical line by the 30 should be continuous)
tidal volume
functional residual (reserve) capacity
expiratory reserve volume
inspiratory reserve volume
residual volume
Functional residual (reserve) capacity
(T1) When you are laying on your front, you are said to be in the _____ position.
Prone
(T1) The plane that would split your body into left and right lateral sides is known as the:
Sagittal plane
(T1) During respiratory braking, active forces are working ________ relaxation/recoil pressures.
in synergy with
in opposition to
to enhance
to multiply
in opposition to!
(T1) The electrical signal that travels down the axon is known as
an action potential
(T1) running speech usually occurs in the mid-range (60%) of:
inspiratory volume
tidal volume
inspiratory capacity
expiratory capacity
vital capacity
vital capacity
(T1)Label #36 in the picture below
bronchus
trachea
larynx
nasopharynx
oropharynx
nasopharynx
(T1) Label #37 in the picture below
oropharynx
bronchus
nasopharynx
trachea
larynx
larynx
(T1) Label #38 in the picture below
oropharynx
trachea
larynx
nasopharynx
bronchus
trachea
(T1) Label #39 on the picture below
epiglottis
velum
bronchus
alveoli
bronchioles
velum
(T1) Label #40 on the picture below
bronchioles
epiglottis
bronchus
velum
alveoli
bronchus
(T1) (T or F) A person cannot have impaired speech but intact language as both speech and language are synonymous terms (ie. speech and language are the same thing)
False
(T1) Which muscle is most effective at compressing abdominal contents like a belt?
Transverse abdominis
(T1) An adult with respiratory injury that results in a reduction in vital capacity would most likely…
speak in long sentences
speak louder
produce more words/syllables per breath
produce less words/syllables per breath
produce less words/syllables per breath
(T1) The lateral iliocostalis group contains ___ muscle groups, containing the ____, _____, and _____ sections.
Three; Cervicus, Lumborum, Thoracis
(T1) The sternocleidomastoid and the pectoralis major are:
antagonists for expiration
synergists for inspiration
antagonists for inspiration
synergists for expiration
synergists for inspiration
(T1) (T or F) Active forces come from the elastic recoil of connective tissues (eg. cartilage), lung tissues, surface tneison, and gravity.
False
(T1) When the chest wall is at rest, intra-pleural pressure is:
fluctuating above and below atmospheric pressure depending upon the phase of the respiratory cycle
positive, above atmospheric pressure
the same as atmospheric pressure
negative, below atmospheric pressure
negative, below atmospheric pressure
(T1) Alveoli pressure changing to a level below atmospheric pressure results in…
expiration
inspiration
both inspiration and expiration
depends on the task
inspiration
(T1) (T or F) Intra-oral pressure would be higher for a stop consonant sound like “p” than for a vowel sound like “ahhhh”
True
(T1) If a person has damage to their right Phrenic nerve, you would expect the person to have:
impairment to the movement of the pectoralis major’s left side
impairment to the movement of the diaphragm’s left side
none are correct
impairment to the movement of the pectoralis major’s right side
impairment to the movement of the diaphragm’s right side
impairment to the movement of the diaphragm on both sides
impairment to the movement of the pectoralis major on both sides
impairment to the movement of the diaphragm’s right side
(Q3) (T or F) Abduction of the vocal ligaments results primarily from contraction of the Pars rectus muscle.
False
(Q3) The primary movement of the arytenoid cartilage is:
Rocking
(Q3) (T or F) The conus elasticus is a thinning of the cricothyroid ligament, and gives rise to the vocal ligament.
False (conus elasticus is a THICKENING of the CT ligament)
(Q3) The larynx has multiple functions including:
prevent debris/food from entering airway
creating thoracic (sub glottal) pressure
increase subglottal pressure
All are correct
All of are correct!
(Q3) Which muscle primarily serves to lower medial compression of the vocal folds and widen the glottis?
Posterior Cricoarytenoid
(Q3) Which of the following best describes the location of Letter “A” in this image:
False vocal folds
(Q3) During running speech, quick changes in pitch are primarily facilitated by joints lubricated with
surfactant
ligamental fluid
mucosal fluid
synovial fluid
none of the above
synovial fluid
(Q3) (T or F) If you want to help someone with a tracheotomy tube speak, it is important to find a 2-way valve to place on the tracheostomy tube so air can move freely in and out through the tracheostomy tube.
False
(Q3) (T or F) The intrinsic muscles of the larynx primarily function to change the location/position of the laryngeal housing
False
(Q3) The ventricular folds (false vocal folds) are
located inferior to the true vocal folds. Ideally, the ventricular folds are used to generate voice
located superior to the true vocal folds. ideally, the ventricular folds are used to generate voice
Located inferior to the true vocal folds. Ideally, the ventricular folds are not used to generate voice
Located superiorly to the true vocal folds. Ideally, the ventricular folds are not used to generate voice.
located superiorly to the true vocal folds. Ideally, the ventricular folds are NOT used to generate voice
(Q4) An expected fundamental frequency range for a male is
85-180 Hz
165-255 Hz
85-180 dB
165-255 dB
85-180 Hz
(Q4) The muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage serves as the insertion for:
vocalis muscle and omohyoid muscle
posterior cricoarytenoid muscle and stylohyoid muscle
posterior cricoarytenoid muscle and lateral cricoarytneoid muscle
rectus and oblique heads of the cricothyroid muscle
posterior cricoarytenoid muscle and lateral cricoarytenoid muscle
(Q4) A soft/breathy vocal attack is associated with:
extreme contraction on the LCA to create low laryngeal opposing pressure
light contraction on the LCA to create high laryngeal opposing pressure
Extreme contraction on the PCA to create low laryngeal opposing pressure
extreme contraction on the PCA to create high laryngeal opposing pressure
extreme contraction on the LCA to create high laryngeal opposing pressure
Light contraction on the LCA to create low laryngeal opposing pressure
Light contraction of the CT muscle to create high laryngeal opposing pressure
to create low laryngeal opposing pressure
light contraction on the LCA to create low laryngeal opposing pressure
(Q4) (T or F) Contraction of the PCA abducts the vocal folds, and are active during deep inspirations
True
(Q4) Falsetto voice (high pitch) is voice supported by
increased levels of vocal fold tension, and a slow vibration frequency
low levels of vocal fold tension, and a rapid vibration frequency
increased levels of vocal fold tension, and a rapid vibration frequency
Increased levels fo vocal fold tension, and a slow vibration frequency
increased levels of vocal fold tension, and a rapid vibration frequency
(Q4) (T or F) During a hard glottal attack, expiratory airflow precedes vocal fold vibration
False
(Q4) (T or F) Muscles above the hyoid bone are antagonistic with those below the hyoid bone.
True
(Q4) Activation of which muscle(s) would best support my ability to shout loudly?
a - lateral cricoarytenoid
b- posterior cricoarytenoid
c- interarytenoid
d- cricothyroid
a and d
c and c
a and c
a and c (lateral cricoarytenoid and interarytenoid
(Q4) Which nerve/branch controls the cricothyroid muscle?
External superior laryngeal nerve
(Q4) Number 2 in the image below refers to the:
Thyroarytenoid muscle
(T2) In the source-filter theory of voice production, the larynx services as the:
source/generator
(T2) Label D on the diagram
treu vocal folds
false vocal folds
cricoid cartilage
thyroid cartilage
hyoid bone
hyoid bone
(T2) Label F on the diagram
cricoid cartilage
posterior pharyngeal wall
epiglottis
hyoid bone
thyroid cartilage
thyroid cartilage
(T2) Which of the following extrinsic muscles or muscles would best support increased pitch?
A- thyrohyoid
b - sternohyoid
c - omohyoid
A and C
A and B
B and C
A - Just Thyrohyoid
(T2) Which of the following may best help someone speak after a total laryngectomy?
walkie talkies
electrolarynx
masako maneuver
vocal attacks
gentle onsets
none of the above
electrolarynx
(T2) which intrinsic laryngeal muscle is regarded as the primary pitch/fundamental frequency controller for voice?
posterior cricoarytenoid m.
cricothyroid m
interarytenoid m
vocalis m
Cricothyroid m
(T2) (T or F) The arytenoid cartilages are located immediately superior to the cricoid cartilage
True
(T2) (T or F) Vocal fold oscillations are the result of rapid, alternating, muscular contractions of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle and posterior cricoarytenoid muscles
false
(T2) Your perception of vocal fold vibration amplitude is known as:
Loudness
(T2) Damage to the superior laryngeal nerve (external branch) would impair which of the following muscles (or muscle)?
a - cricothyroid muscle
b - vocalis muscle
c - lateral cricoarytenoid muscle
d - posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
a and b
a nad c
b and d
c and d
a - just cricothyroid muscle
Note
Flashcard