Psych Unit 3

Classifying psychological disorders

Deviants, Distress, Dysfunction

DSM-5

System used to classify disorders and their prevalence

Self Harm & Suicide

Women consider, but men are more likely to follow through with suicide, whites and Native Americans, and the elderly

Psychological Disorders

persistently harmful thoughts, feelings, and actions

Medical Model

Treats psychological disorders as diseases

Anxiety Disorders

Excessive apprehension and anxiety that leads to dysfunction

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Persistent, uncontrollable tenseness, apprehension, automatic arousal, inability to identify cause of feelings

Panic Disorder

intense dread, feelings of a heart attack, chest pains, choking, panic attacks, and frightening sensations

Phobias

Persistent, irrational fear of an object or situation that disrupts behavior, unwanted life style changes erupt

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Obsessions and urges to engage in compulsions that cause distress

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Haunting memories, nightmares, jumpy anxiety, sleep problems, due to traumatic events

Major Depressive Disorder

Known as the “common cold” of psychological disorders, women are more likely to have it, depressed mood and lack of interest in anything, chronic

Bipolar Disorder

alternation between depression (gloomy, withdrawn, tired) and mania (euphoria, hyperactive, elation)

Neuro-transmitters in Depression

Serotonin levels and production are lower

Rumination

Overthinking and focusing on the same thing over and over

Schizophrenia

split mind, delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate actions/emotions

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

not present in normal individuals, hallucinations, delusions, paranoia

Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Absence of appropriate symptoms, emotionless, staring blankly

Chronic Schizophrenia

Develops slowly, less likely to recover

Acute Schizophrenia

Develops rapidly, LIKELY to recover

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Displaying 2 or more personalities w/ differing identities

Antisocial Disorder

Impulsive behavior, low levels of anxiety

Intellectual Disabilities

Down Syndrome, Autism, ADHD, genetic and environmental factors

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Impaired theory of mind, prenatal environment, genes and mutations, social deficiency, repetitive behaviors

ADHD

Extreme inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, men more than women, genetics, overdiagnosed?

Attribution Theory

Behavior by crediting the situation or the person’s disposition

Fundamental Attribution Error

Observers underestimating or overestimating a situation

Foot-In-The-Door Phenomenon

Agreeing to a small request to later follow a larger request

Cognitive Dissonence

When attitude and actions aren’t aligned

Conformity

Complying with social pressures to fit in with social standards

Peripheral Route Persuasion

Persuasion from celebrities, includes little facts

Central Route Persuasion

Evidence and arguments to trigger thinking

Normative Social Influence

Conforming to avoid rejection and to gain social approval

Information Social Influence

Accepting others opinions about reality

Obedience

Studied by Milgrim, test subject followed orders given and continued, following orders

Social Facilitation

Doing better in familiar places

Social Loafing

Assuming others with follow the orders (do the work), so I don’t have to

Group Polarization

Enhancing groups attitudes and behaviors through discussion

Groupthink

Desire for harmony in a situation, agreeing to the same thing as a group

Prejudice

Predetermined attitude towards others (stereotyping, microaggressions)

Explicit Prejudice

Clear awareness

Implicit Prejudice

Unthinking response, reflexive body movements

Just World Phenomenon

Good is rewarded, bad is punished

Ingroup bias

Favoring groups you’re apart of

Scapegoat Theory

Finding someone else to blame (often groups we aren’t apart of)

Proximity/Mere Exposure Effect

Closeness to a person makes you attracted to them

Passionate Love

Aroused state, freshly dating, intense positive absorption to another

Companionate Love

Deep and affectionate attachment, further into relationships, intimate, bonded

Altruism

Unselfish concern for the wellbeing/welfare of others, being helpful in certain situations

Social Exchange Theory

Weighing costs and benefits of situations

Reciprocity

Help others if I’m getting helped

Social-Responsibility

Feeling obligated and willing to help