Year 9 Social Science Flashcards

Flashcards for Year 9 Social Science review covering topics from Ministry of Education textbook.

What is the definition of society?

People in a community/town/country and their interactions with each other.

What are the characteristics of a traditional society?

Smaller in size, people are related, share similar lifestyle and common values.

What are the four types of traditional societies?

Hunting and Gathering, Pastoral, Horticultural, Agricultural.

How do people survive in a hunting and gathering society?

Gathering edible wild plants, hunting wild animals, and collecting seafood.

How were pastoral societies often organized?

Tribes, with the 'household' as a basic unit for the organisation of labour and expenses; lineages were the basis for property rights.

How do horticultural societies cultivate plants?

They clear small patches of forests by slash and burn cultivation and use shifting cultivation, moving to a new plot once the fertility decreases.

What are features of agricultural societies?

Having surplus food supply, specialization/ division of labour emerged, social, political, economic institutions were established.

What are the characteristic of a modern society?

Larger, has more diverse population, and experiences more rapid and uneven cultural changes.

What are the two major types of modern societies?

Industrial societies (create products) and Postindustrial societies (produce information).

What were the features of Industrial Societies?

Shift from use of wood and water fuel to coal, oil and natural gas, huge centers of trade developed near raw materials and transport routes

What are features of post Industrial Societies?

Advance technology, shift from coal to atomic energy/nuclear power, low birth rates and ageing Population.

What is a social structure and why is it important?

Every society needs order and leadership roles; a leader is in authority and makes sure everything is in control.

What does 'ascribed' status mean?

Status passed down from generations through inheritance.

What are the roles in the i-Taukei Hierarchy System?

Turaga (the chief), Batl (the warrior), Sau Turaga (the chief executive), Matanivanua (the heraldsmen/spokesman).

What is the Caste System in Indian society?

Division of Indians into various social groups according to birth and occupation.

What is achieved status?

Status one gains by what he or she achieves.

What are the divisions in modern social hierarchy?

Rich versus poor, educated versus school drop-outs, employed versus unemployed.

What is a group?

A collection of people interacting together in an orderly way on the basis of shared expectations about each other.

What are the two types of groups?

Primary (informal) and Secondary (formal).

What is a primary group?

Family, friends; members have personal knowledge of each other and interactions occur in informal ways.

What is a secondary group?

Cooperatives, clubs, political parties; has written rules and regulations.

What are needs?

Those things we must have in order to survive (food, clothing, water, shelter).

What are wants?

Those things which make life more enjoyable.

What is culture?

The way of life of a society; it is dynamic and changes with time.

What are the two major types of culture?

Material and Non-material culture.

What is material culture?

Includes all the artifacts, clothing, schools, totems (physical objects).

What is non-material culture?

Includes all abstract human creations such as language, beliefs, rules, customs, myths and skills.

What is part of everyone's culture that identifies how people do things?

Traditional ceremonies, customs, and rites

What are values?

Abstract, general ideas.

What are norms?

Specific guidelines for people in particular kinds of situation.

What are the 3 main sources of societal values?

Religion, Family, Society

What is generation gap?

Differences in values, opinions and attitudes of the younger generation from the older ones.

What are social norms?

Shared rules and guidelines that prescribe behaviours appropriate in a given situation.

What are virtues?

Leadership, integrity, strength and inner quality.

Manners and Etiquettes?

Behaviours that are considered to be polite, courteous, and respectful and are acceptable in society.

What is a goal?

An aim in life which you desire very much and which you are willing to work towards.

What are the 2 types of goals?

Mean goals and End goals

What are mean goals?

Are those things you would like to acquire

What are end goals?

Are ultimate goals you set for yourself and what you want to do with your life

What is Universal culture?

A pattern in every known society; pattern or trait common to all human cultures worldwide.

What is multiculturalism?

Occurs in societies where people of various cultural backgrounds integrate and share values and ideas.

What are the aspects of Multiculturalism?

Integration, Culture Shock, Marginal People, Acculturation, Segregation, Assimilation

What is citizenship?

The state of being a citizen or legal member of a particular country and enjoying the rights and protection of the constitution.

What is Globalization?

The increasing interdependence of the global society.

What are agents of Globalization?

Information and communication technology, transportation network, multinational companies.

What is Social Control?

Measures taken to control the behaviour of people in a community.

What are the two types of Social Control?

Formal (written rules) and Informal (unwritten rules).

What is a Family Council?

Family members give their opinions, ideas, and suggestions towards the organization of the family freely and separately from place as father, mother, oldest sibling.

What are the distinguished sets of rights?

Listed laws (written laws), Unwritten laws (customs and traditions), Human Rights (UN Declaration).

What does it mean to be responsible?

To be accountable for your actions.

What is Social deviance?

When unacceptable behaviour becomes a common sight.

What is the main function of the police force?

To maintain law and order.

What is the Judiciary?

Is made up of Judges and Magistrates who protect the legal aspect of the law.

What are the elements of Religion?

Holy Book, Name of Place of worship, Leaders, and Beliefs

What is conflict?

Is a disagreement between two people, two communities or two nations who have different ideas or belief or have grievances against each other.

What is constructive conflict?

Those conflicts from which one can learn and these conflicts can make our life better.

What is destructive conflict?

Those conflicts that lead to the downfall of people or death.

What is relationship?

The way in which a person is related to somebody else in the family

What does being disadvantaged mean?

Means not being able to support yourself or having very less or no excess at all to services and means that can provide for our survival.

What is Cultural heritage?

Is the legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present and bestowed for the benefit of future generations.

What the goals for Non-Government Organizations?

Help to those who need help for survival whether in terms of food, education sanitation, home and health

What is Forum Fisheries Agencies(FFA) aim?

Enable member countries to manage, conserve and use the tuna resources in their exclusive economic zones and beyond, through enhancing national capacity and strengthening regional solidarity.

What are Regional Agencies

Agencies that were established to focus on issues in the Pacific Region.

What period did the First Settlers arrived to Fiji group.

First settlements Fiji-started by voyaging traders and settlers from Melanesia about 3500 years ago

What are Ratu Sir Lala Sukuna's impact to Fiji

Was high chief,great statesman, a scholar, a teacher, a soldier and should be an example to all of us.

What are Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara contributions to Fijian history?

Is considered to be the founding father of a modern nation Fiji. Was Chief Minister, the First Fijian Prime Minister, President of Fiji

What is Ambalal Dayabhai Patel known in Fiji.

Farmer's leader and founder of the NFP (National Federation Party).Was committed to the vision of an independence Fijs with full racial integration

What is a map?

Are representation of an area of the earth and they come in varieties of forms. Maps have different features which help us to gather important information.

What are Grid system horizontal and vertical lines.

Horizontal lines are called northing and the vertical lines are called easting.

What Latitudes and Longitudes?

Latitude and longitude lines make up a grid system developed to help determine the location of points on the Earth. These lines run both north and south and east and west across the planet.

What the Four cardinal points?

A compass has four main points known as the cardinal points. They are North, South, East and West

How do Map use Map symbols

Symbols are used on maps to represent features which exist on the ground. In many cases these features are easily recognized-building, streams, trees and roads

How Heights and Landforms display on maps.

Contour lines are best way of representing relief (height below and above sea level) a contour line is imaginary line joining all places (height above and below sea-level)

What is a Cross-Sectional Land Forms

It shows the side view of a landform. From the cross-sections the shapes of hills, mountains, valleys and other features of the landscape can be leamt.

What is Environment?

Is our surrounding. It includes living and non-living things..It also provides for our survival and therefore it is important that we take good care of it

What is Physical Environment?

This includes our environment and everything that exists around naturally, such as rivers, vegetation, mountains, animals, plants and insects that live in this environment

What is Cultural Environment

This environment includes people and their activities, for example, roads, settlements, infrastructure

What are the ways of Conserving the environment.

Shiftng Cultivation, Shifting Cultivation, National Campaigning, Use of Appropriate Fishing Methods, Soil Conservation Methods

What are National Heritage

Is the legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present and bestowed for the benefit of future generations