Genetics exam 3 pt 2

____ is responsible for creating new viruses

DNA

carbons face opposite directions is the definition of

Antiparallel

The binding of what two bases causes the swirl of DNA

Purine and pyrimidine

what is the most accurate model of transcription

Trombone model

repeating non-coding, DNA that protects coding segments from shortening

telomer

re-extends telomeres in gametes

Telomerase 

DNA winds around ________

histones

DNA wrapped 2x around 8 histones makes

nucleosomes

Central Dogma is

DNA → RNA → Protein

Why can a protein not become DNA

Information regarding the nucleic acid is lost once it is in the protein.

The 2 parts of a ribosome are 

rRNA and protein

The three steps of transcription are

Initiation, Elongation, Termination

Large portions of molecules are cut and stitched back together

RNA- Splicing

these “intervene” which are removed

Introns

These are “expressed” which stay in

Exons

complexes of RNA and protein

Spliceosomes

______ is synthesized from information in mRNA

Proteins

binds tRNA to amino acid

Synthetase

made of small and large subunits that only come together during translation

ribosomes

what are translations three major steps of translation?

initiation, elongation, termination

Only proteins for use in the cytosol are translated in the cytosol is an example of what

Protein targeting

Start the process of halting synthesis momentarily and move to a pore near the translocation complex

signal proteins

____ mutation changes one amino acid for another

point

______ mutations do not effect amino acids

silent

______ mutations chamges the amino acids but has varying conquences

missense

______ mutations change amio acid to STOP codon, typically large consquenses

Nonsense

______ inserts ion/ ________ changes reading fram unless _______ or ________ of 3 pairs at a time

___________  mutates a lot

mitochondria 

tRNA has __ and Synthetases has __

61, 20