Conduct Disorder (CD)
characterized by a pattern of behavior that violates the rights of others, societal norms, aggressive behavior towards animals and people, and tend to break rules and steal things.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
characterized by frequent pattern of anger, irritability, arguing, and defiance towards authority
Selective Mutism
child can hear but does not speak. May speak at home but not in certain settings like school. Often a result of a traumatic event.
Tic Disorder
Involuntary muscle movements including vocal and physical. Will blurt out inappropriate phrases and words.
Socialized Aggression
A form of antisocial behavior in which the person hurts others with words. Verbal aggression in social situations.
Anorexia
Experiences body dysmorphia (believes they are overweight when they are not) and restricts food to lose weight. Extreme fear of gaining weight. Most deadly eating disorder due to the result in malnutrition.
Bulimia
May also experience body dysmorphia and struggle with the fear of gaining weight; however, they do not frequently starve themselves. Instead, they binge on food and then purge by vomiting or laxatives or overexercising.
Pica
Eating Disorder characterized by craving nonnutritive substances
Internalizing behavior
Behaviors that cope by inward means rather than towards others. Includes anxiety, depression, eating disorders, self harm, etc.
Externalizing behaviors
Behaviors that cope by outward means expressing to others. Includes aggression, irritability, bursts of anger, arguing, threatening, stealing, etc.
AD/HD
6 or more symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity and is persistent over 6 months to a degree that the child would have outgrown it.
3 major symptoms of ADHD
inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity
What deficit do most EmD kids have?
Language disorders
Anoxia
oxygen cut off from the fetus in utero due to umbilical cord wrapping around his/her neck. Causes intellectual disabilities.
Areas to address in Social Skills Training
eye contact in conversation, smiling when greeting people, shaking hands with people when meeting them, using the right tone and volume of voice, expressing opinions, reading social cues, etc.
Comorbidity
2 or more disorders occurring together
PKU
Phenylketonuria -- Infants unable to digest certain foods and substances, oftentimes milk. When untreated, it can cause ID
Cultural/Familial
The idea that intellectual disabilities can be caused by both the environment (cultural) and genetics (familial)
What is the cause of Downs Syndrome?
An extra chromosome, typically trisomy 21
The weakest area in academic acheivement for mildly ID students
reading comprehension
What is the #1 preventative measure pregnant mothers can do to prevent ID?
abstaining from alcohol
Augmentative Communication
communicating through a device, sign language, or symbols. Any alternative method to verbally speaking.
Adaptive skills
Practical skills such as eating, toileting, dressing, meal preparation, brushing teeth, hygiene knowing how to get places, making bed. Activities of daily living. Ability to adapt to your environment without any problems.
3 areas of consideration for an ID eligibility
Deficits in adaptive skills, age onset, and IQ score
Most prevalent form of ID
mild
5 areas of APGAR test
heart rate, respiration, color, muscle tone, reflexes.
Tested at 1 minute after birth and then again after 5 minutes
7 areas of learning disabilities
Reading Comprehension
Basic Reading
Math Calculation
Math Reasoning
Oral Expression
Listening Comprehension
Written Expression
How does the prevalence of LD identification compare with that of other \n disabilities?
LD has the highest prevalence rate out of all other disabilities
The greatest number of LD students have deficits in which skill area?
reading, specifically reading comprehension
Amniocentesis
a needle inserted into a pregnant woman where amniotic fluid is drawn and genetic tests are done to determine disabilities or health impairments of the child.
Expected IQ of ID
Low IQ, at least two standard deviations below normal
Expected IQ of LD
normal to above average IQ
Expected IQ of EmD
Normal to below average
What is meant by ID students not generalizing well?
They struggle to apply something that is learned in one area to another area. It is like new information to them.