test 2 study guide

Conduct Disorder (CD)

characterized by a pattern of behavior that violates the rights of others, societal norms, aggressive behavior towards animals and people, and tend to break rules and steal things.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

characterized by frequent pattern of anger, irritability, arguing, and defiance towards authority

Selective Mutism

child can hear but does not speak. May speak at home but not in certain settings like school. Often a result of a traumatic event.

Tic Disorder

Involuntary muscle movements including vocal and physical. Will blurt out inappropriate phrases and words.

Socialized Aggression

A form of antisocial behavior in which the person hurts others with words. Verbal aggression in social situations.

Anorexia

Experiences body dysmorphia (believes they are overweight when they are not) and restricts food to lose weight. Extreme fear of gaining weight. Most deadly eating disorder due to the result in malnutrition.

Bulimia

May also experience body dysmorphia and struggle with the fear of gaining weight; however, they do not frequently starve themselves. Instead, they binge on food and then purge by vomiting or laxatives or overexercising.

Pica

Eating Disorder characterized by craving nonnutritive substances

Internalizing behavior

Behaviors that cope by inward means rather than towards others. Includes anxiety, depression, eating disorders, self harm, etc.

Externalizing behaviors

Behaviors that cope by outward means expressing to others. Includes aggression, irritability, bursts of anger, arguing, threatening, stealing, etc.

AD/HD

6 or more symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity and is persistent over 6 months to a degree that the child would have outgrown it.

3 major symptoms of ADHD

inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity

What deficit do most EmD kids have?

Language disorders

Anoxia

oxygen cut off from the fetus in utero due to umbilical cord wrapping around his/her neck. Causes intellectual disabilities.

Areas to address in Social Skills Training

eye contact in conversation, smiling when greeting people, shaking hands with people when meeting them, using the right tone and volume of voice, expressing opinions, reading social cues, etc.

Comorbidity

2 or more disorders occurring together

PKU

Phenylketonuria -- Infants unable to digest certain foods and substances, oftentimes milk. When untreated, it can cause ID

Cultural/Familial

The idea that intellectual disabilities can be caused by both the environment (cultural) and genetics (familial)

What is the cause of Downs Syndrome?

An extra chromosome, typically trisomy 21

The weakest area in academic acheivement for mildly ID students

reading comprehension

What is the #1 preventative measure pregnant mothers can do to prevent ID?

abstaining from alcohol

Augmentative Communication

communicating through a device, sign language, or symbols. Any alternative method to verbally speaking.

Adaptive skills

Practical skills such as eating, toileting, dressing, meal preparation, brushing teeth, hygiene knowing how to get places, making bed. Activities of daily living. Ability to adapt to your environment without any problems. 

3 areas of consideration for an ID eligibility

Deficits in adaptive skills, age onset, and IQ score

Most prevalent form of ID

mild

5 areas of APGAR test

heart rate, respiration, color, muscle tone, reflexes.

Tested at 1 minute after birth and then again after 5 minutes

7 areas of learning disabilities

Reading Comprehension

Basic Reading

Math Calculation

Math Reasoning

Oral Expression

Listening Comprehension

Written Expression

How does the prevalence of LD identification compare with that of other \n disabilities?

LD has the highest prevalence rate out of all other disabilities

The greatest number of LD students have deficits in which skill area?

reading, specifically reading comprehension

Amniocentesis

a needle inserted into a pregnant woman where amniotic fluid is drawn and genetic tests are done to determine disabilities or health impairments of the child.

Expected IQ of ID

Low IQ, at least two standard deviations below normal

Expected IQ of LD

normal to above average IQ

Expected IQ of EmD

Normal to below average

What is meant by ID students not generalizing well?

They struggle to apply something that is learned in one area to another area. It is like new information to them.