ENR Exam 2022

All the ecosystems of the Earth, when considered as a whole, are called the ___________. a. Atmosphere b. Biomass c. Biosphere d. Rhizosphere

c. Biosphere

Which of the following processes produces oxygen for an ecosystem? a. Digestion b. Decomposition c. Photosynthesis d. Respiration

c. Photosynthesis

Which process takes place within the individual cells of plants and animals, involving the breakdown of foods into their components along with the release of energy? a. Digestion b. Decomposition c. Photosynthesis d. Respiration

d. Respiration

Which is the most abundant element found in living organisms? a. Carbon b. Oxygen c. Nitrogen d. Water

a. Carbon

Which is the most abundant element in the atmosphere? a. Carbon b. Oxygen c. Nitrogen d. Water

c. Nitrogen

Plants give up large amounts of water to the atmosphere through a process called _________________. a. Evaporation b. Perspiration c. Respiration d. Transpiration

d. Transpiration

In environmental science, a "niche" refers to... a. When an ecosystem is damaged, but remnants of the former community still exist b. When one organism is more able to survive in an environment than another c. When an organism did not exist before in an environment but can now d. The role the organism fulfills in an environment

d. The role the organism fulfills in an environment

Primary succession occurs when... a. An ecosystem is damaged or partly destroyed b. Organisms live in an area where they did not live before c. Plants displace animals from an environment d. Remnants of a former community still exist

b. Organisms live in an area where they did not live before

The ability of an organism to survive changes in an environment is a demonstration of its... a. Comfort zone b. Competitive exclusion principle c. Niche d. Range of tolerance

d. Range of tolerance

Which of the following forms of energy occurs as a result of photosynthesis? a. Chemical b. Electrical c. Kinetic d. Thermal

a. Chemical

Which of the following is not considered a renewable resource? a. Forests b. Plants c. Soil d. Wildlife

c. Soil

The practice of using natural resources while protecting against harm and waste is called... a. Biotechnology b. Conservation c. Preservation d. Resource renewal

b. Conservation

The number of a particular plant or animal species in a given area at a specific time is an example of... a. Biologistics b. Carrying capacity c. Multiple use d. Population level

b. Carrying capacity

Which of the following is a product of decaying plant or animal matter? a. Chlorofluorocarbons b. Methane c. Nitrous oxide d. Ozone

b. Methane

What pollutant compound has been used as an aerosol propellant and refrigeration gas? a. Carbon dioxide b. Chlorofluorocarbons c. Fluorine gas d. Radon

b. Chlorofluorocarbons

What part of the stable aerosol compound actually destroys ozone molecules? a. Carbon b. Chlorine c. Fluorine d. Hydrogen

b. Chlorine

Which automotive gas cannot be removed with current technologies? a. Carbon Dioxide b. Carbon Monoxide c. Chlorofluorocarbons d. Ozone

b. Carbon Monoxide

Which of the following best describes the Greenhouse effect? a. Accumulation of radioactive gases in the atmosphere b. Heat from the earth's crust absorbs, radiates and reflects heat back into the air above, and Earth's atmosphere traps this heat. c. Hot exhausts from car emissions as well as other manufacturing releasing compounds that contain nitrogen and oxygen heating up the atmosphere d. The thinning of the protective layer in the Earth's atmosphere causing surface temperatures to rise

b. Heat from the earth's crust absorbs, radiates and reflects heat back into the air above, and Earth's atmosphere traps this heat.

Radon gas is a threat to air quality... a. In factories b. In homes c. In wooded areas d. On the highway

b. In homes

What are large areas of land where water from rain and snow is absorbed into the soil to emerge as spring water? a. Marshes b. Water table c. Watershed d. Wetlands

Watershed

Which of the following is not an indicator species when we refer to water quality? a. Algae b. Aquatic invertebrates c. Ferns d. Fish

c. Ferns

Groundwater that is unavailable for plant root absorption is called? a. Capillary b. Free c. Gravitational d. Hygroscopic

d. Hygroscopic

What is the measure of the total concentration of all dissolved ions in water? a. Dissolved Oxygen b. pH c. Salinity d. Turbidity

c. Salinity

Which of the following is essential for aquatic life and is characteristically absent in groundwaters? a. Dissolved Oxygen b. pH c. Salinity d. Turbidity

a. Dissolved Oxygen

A pH of 7 is considered... a. Acidic b. Basic c. Neutral d. 7ppm

c. Neutral

The process by which water changes from liquid form to a vapor or gas is... a. Condensation b. Distillation c. Evaporation d. Precipitation

c. Evaporation

Which of the following soil property refers to the proportions of sand, silt, and clay in a soil? a. Drainage b. Erosion c. Slope d. Texture

d. Texture

Which soil property refers to the natural ability of the soil to allow water to flow through it? a. Drainage b. Erosion c. Slope d. Texture

a. Drainage

Referring to the most basic use of soil, it provides individual plants with the following except... a. Anchorage b. Nutrients c. Photosynthesis d. Water

c. Photosynthesis

Which of the following soil parent materials is deposited by wind? a. Alluvial deposits b. Loess deposits c. Mineral and Rock d. Organic deposits

b. Loess deposits

Which of the following soil particles is the smallest? a. Clay b. Gravel c. Sand d. Silt

c. Sand

Which of the following is not considered a physical property of the soil? a. Drainage b. Slope c. Soil solution d. Texture

c. Soil solution

Which class of animals is primarily supported by a grassland habitat? a. Carnivores b. Herbivores c. Omnivores d. Producers

b. Herbivores

Which term describes a species that will be expected to survive if immediate steps are taken to protect the environment they live in? a. Endangered species b. Extinct species c. Preserved species d. Threatened species

d. Threatened species

When referring to wildlife biology, which of the following terms fits the description of a plant or animal that is in, on, or with another, sharing its food but neither helping nor harming it? a. Commensalism b. Competition c. Mutualism d. Predation

a. Commensalism

What is the single greatest threat facing wildlife today and for the foreseeable future? a. Air pollution b. Climate change c. Habitat destruction d. Water shortages

c. Habitat destruction

The following are all factors that contribute to the extinction of a species except for...

a. Alien species introduction

b. Introduction of Bioengineered bacteria

c. Habitat loss

d. Over hunting by humans

hunting by humans

A water habitat in which water tends to stand for long periods of time is called a ______________ habitat. a. Lentic b. Lotic c. Murky d. Turbid

a. Lentic

High levels of dissolved minerals in the water such as nitrates and phosphates can cause...

a. A growth of algae and other plants that benefit the aquatic habitat

b. A dense blue-green algae bloom and aquatic animals and fish may die

c. The pH of the water drops very low

d. The water becomes turbid and cloudy with suspended particles limiting photosynthesis

b. A dense blue-green algae bloom and aquatic animals and fish may die

What is the most promising practice for reducing the amount of solid waste deposited in landfills? a. Eliminating paper and plastic packaging materials b. Eliminating the production of toxic wastes c. Recycling waste materials d. Reducing consumption of packaged goods

c. Recycling waste materials

What is a combustible gas that Is obtained from decaying vegetation, sewage and animal waste? a. Ethanol b. Gasohol c. Helium d. Methane

d. Methane

What is the energy source obtained from the heat of the Earth's molten core? a. Geothermal power b. Methane c. Nuclear power d. Solar energy

a. Geothermal power

Which energy source contributes most to atmospheric pollution? a. Ethanol b. Methane c. Nuclear power d. Wood

d. Wood

Which of the following energy sources is produced from a biodigester? a. Ethanol b. Geothermal c. Methane d. Nuclear

c. Methane

When an underground fuel tank has leaked some of its contents into the surrounding soil it is considered... a. A causal agent b. Non

point source pollution c. Point source pollution d. Safe because of the soil's ability to absorb toxins

Pollution that can be traced back to a specific source is known as... a. Carcinogenic b. Mutagenic c. Non

point source pollution d. Point source pollution

Which of the following is not considered to be a route of entry for hazardous material? a. Digestion b. Ingestion c. Inhalation d. Injection

a. Digestion

48. Which of the following soils has the most water holding capacity? a. Soils high in sand content b. Soils that have an even amount of sand and silt c. Soils that have a high clay content d. Soils that have more mineral content

c. Soils that have a high clay content

What is an organism called that is sensitive to pollution and is used to determine the suitability of a living environment? a. Indicator species b. Invasive species c. Limiting factor d. Native species

a. Indicator species

Lines of longitude _______________________. a. Run in an east/west direction. b. Are unequal in length. c. Are known as meridians. d. Are known as parallels

c. Are known as meridians.