development

1. Metamorphosis

2. Gamete Creation

3. Embryonic Development

numerous stages of development in animal’s life cycle

Biologists

instigate development using model organisms, which are chosen for their ease of study in the laboratory

Fertilization

the process of a single sperm cell uniting with a single egg cell to generate a zygote

Cleavage

is a rapid, repeated cycles of mitotic cell division in which the embryo’s overall size does not change

Blastula

following cleavage, it is the developing embryo

Gastrulation

the remarkable rearrangement (moving) of cells in the blastula to generate the embryonic tissue layer is this

tissue layers

will eventually give rise to the adult animal’s tissues and organs

Organogenesis

is the process of cell division and differentiation that leads to the creation of organs and tissues

Morphogenesis

Gastrulation and organogenesis collectively contribute to this

Morphogenesis

the biological processes that determine an organism’s shape and body organization

Embryo Development

frequently comes before endosperm development

Endosperm

stores nutrients that can be utilized by the seedling in most monocots and some eudicots

Endosperm

the food reserves of this are exported to the cotyledons in other eudicots

Fertilized egg

is split into a basal cell and a terminal cell during the zygote’s first mitotic cycle

Multicellular Suspensor

is produced by the basal cell, which binds the embryo to the parent plant

Terminal Cell

is responsible for the majority of the embryo’s development

Embryo

elongates as the cotyledons develop

Germination

is dependent on imbibition or water uptake since the dried seed has a low water potential

Radicle (embryonic root)

is the first to develop

Shoot Tip

penetrates the soil surface

Hook

this forms in the hypocotyl of many eudicots, and growth pushes the hook above ground

Hook

this straightens and pulls the cotyledons up, causing the tip to shoot skyward

Coleoptile

pushes up through the earth in monocots like maize and other grasses