Indigenous Studies-2

Indigenous

A preferred collective noun for First Nations, Inuit, and Métis in Canada.

First Nation

A term to identify Indigenous peoples of Canada who are neither Métis nor Inuit.

Métis

Indigenous peoples of the Canadian Northwest who created a unique language, culture, and identity.

Inuit

Culturally similar Indigenous peoples of the subarctic and arctic regions.

Colonialism

A practice of domination involving the subjugation of one people to another.

Settler Colonialism

The systematic establishment of a new society of settlers on land in which Indigenous peoples already reside.

Extractive Colonialism

Seeking to profit from the raw materials of the land without permanent settlement.

Treaties

Agreements made between sovereign nations, either written or spoken.

Indian Act

Legislation that defines who is recognized as an Indian under Canadian law.

Indian Status

Persons who are registered or entitled to be registered as Indians under the Indian Act.

Sixties Scoop

The mass adoption of First Nations, Métis, and Inuit children in Canada from the 1960s to mid-1980s.

Blood Quantum

The amount of 'Indian blood' an individual possesses, often seen as harmful to identity.

MMIWG

Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls refers to the issue of violence against Indigenous women.

Highway of Tears

A location in British Columbia where many Indigenous women have gone missing.

Bill C-31

Legislation that created two categories of Indian status registration in Canada.

AIM

Adopt Indian & Métis, a campaign to increase adoptions of Indigenous children.

Joyce Echaquan

An Indigenous woman who died in a Quebec hospital, whose mistreatment was filmed on Facebook Live.

Oka Crisis

A 78-day standoff in 1990 over land rights between the Mohawk Nation and Canadian authorities.

Food Sovereignty

The right of peoples to healthy and culturally appropriate food produced through ecologically sound and sustainable methods.

Unceded Land

Land that has never been legally surrendered or agreed upon in a treaty.