History unit test 1/15/25

History

Progressives – Support all the following except:

Direct Primary,

The Initiative,

The Referendum,

The Recall,

the 17th amendment (direct election of senators.)

OR They generally opposed the idea of a government-controlled economy.

Muckrakers

Lincoln Stephens exposed political corruption in the cities,

Ray Stannard Baker exposed how bad life was for African Americans,

Ida Tarbell exposed the bad practices of standard oil

OR Upton Sinclair revealed unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry.

The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire –

As a result of this the NYC legislature passed strict fire safety codes and workmen's compensation

laws, highlighting the need for better labor protections.

OR it was a tragic event in 1911 that resulted in the deaths of 146 garment workers, mostly young immigrant women.

Florence Kelley –

Big into getting child labor laws passed

Also got together with Louis Brandeis and advocated for a 10-hour workday for women.

OR She was a social reformer who fought for labor rights and advocated for improved working conditions.

Muller v. Oregon –

upheld the 10-hour workday for women

OR A landmark Supreme Court case that upheld a state law limiting women's working hours, influenced by sociological data presented by Louis Brandeis.

Lochner v. New York –

did the opposite of Muller v. Oregon, sided with big business, and overturned much of the progressive reforms.

OR It was a landmark Supreme Court case in 1905 that invalidated a New York law setting maximum working hours for bakers, emphasizing the right to contract and limiting state intervention in business.

Louis D. Brandeis –

Worked with Florence Kelly for women's workday rights in Muller v Oregon

OR and was the first Jewish Supreme Court Justice, known for his progressive views on labor rights and social justice.

the Industrial Workers of the World –

Big Bill Haywood and these people sought to overthrow the capitalist system.

OR They were a radical labor organization advocating for the rights of workers and promoting industrial unionism.

Daniel Burnham

City planner, planned Chicago and Washington

OR D.C., known for his "Make No Little Plans" philosophy.

Seventeenth Amendment –

The direct election of senators by the people 

OR Established the direct election of U.S. Senators by popular vote, changing the way Senators were chosen.

Eighteenth Amendment –

Banned the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

OR It prohibited the production and consumption of alcohol in the United States.

W. E. B. Du Bois –

Demanded complete equality for African Americans with whites 

OR and co-founded the NAACP in 1909, advocating for civil rights through education and activism.

Guinn v. United States –

 NAACP first victory, outlawed grandfather clauses 

OR that disenfranchised Black voters in Oklahoma.

Secret ballot –

Idea was so nobody knew who you were voting for

OR A voting method in which a voter's choice is anonymous, preventing intimidation and coercion.

Initiative. –

Let the people initiate a law. 

OR A process that allows citizens to propose legislation or constitutional amendments through gathering signatures and voting on them directly.

Referendum. –

Allowed the people to invalidate an existing law

OR A direct vote in which an entire electorate is invited to vote on a particular proposal and can result in the adoption of new laws or amendments.

Recall –

Allowed the people to get rid of an elected official who wasn't getting the job done.

OR A procedure that enables voters to remove an elected official from office through a petition process followed by a special election.

Hurricane in Galveston, Texas –

As a result of this they replaced political machines with more efficient forms of municipal government, like city managers

OR a devastating storm that struck Galveston in 1900, leading to significant loss of life and prompting major changes in disaster preparedness and city governance.

Robert M. La Follette –

Backed the Wisconsin idea which other governors followed. 

Roosevelt Square Deal –

Control the corporations, consumer protections, and conservation, Elkins and Hepburn Act, Pure Food and Drug Act, New Lands reclamations.

The anthracite coal strike –

Roosevelt showed he was for labor by forcing mine owners to arbitrate. 

Northern Securities Co –

Teddy's first attempt at trustbusting and broke up Northern securities

Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle –

As a result of this, the Meat Inspection and pure food and Drug Acts were passed.

Taft –

Wanted a lower tariff (underwood tariff)

Wanted banking reforms (Federal Reserve Act)

Got the (Clayton Antitrust Act) passed as well.

Federal Reserve Act-

Made the currency more flexible

Clayton Antitrust Act-

Said farm organizations and unions could no longer be considered combinations in restraint of trade.

Alice Paul –

Wanted the constitutional amendment and NOT state laws

Imperialism –

We wanted to become an imperial power because we needed new markets for our manufactured goods.

Alfred Thayer Mahan –

You need to control the seas if you want to become an imperial power

Liliuokalani –

Removed because she opposed annexation and believed Hawaii should be ruled by Hawaiians

The Open Door policy –

 Free trade in China for everyone

Matthew Perry –

Opened Japan to American trade

The Spanish-American War –

Cause: Expansionism for US and Cuban nationalism

Effect: The Treaty of Paris ending the war, and

We get Puerto Rico, Guam, and Cuba becomes independent.

The Teller Amendment –

Said we would grant Cuba its independence

Filipino liberation –

Filipinos got their independence from Spain til we decided to annex

and they rose up against us

and fought a 2 year war against us.

Platt Amendment –

Gave the US the right to intervene in Cuba.

The Panama Canal –

We needed this to move warships from the Atlantic to the Pacific quicker,

Roosevelt signed many treaties and a Panamanian rebellion against Columbia.

American involvement in Latin America –

Latin American countries were always in debt to Europeans and we would take over their ports and mines. 

“Dollar diplomacy” –

Taft's method of intervening in Latin America to protect American investment.

Victoriano Huerta –

Woodrow Wilson did not like him and he seized the port of Veracruz to try and get rid of Huerta.

Pancho Villa –

ANSWER IS A

World War I –

Started when Frans Ferdinand was killed by a Serbian nationalist.

New weapon –

The submarine, would sink commercial vessels and do it sneakily.

The Sussex pledge –

Germany promised to give fair warning to protect civilians when sinking a commercial vessel.

The Western Front of World War I –

Trench warfare and staggering losses.

United States entry into World War I –

Sinking of the Lusitania, the Zimmerman note, Wilson note thinking we could make the world safe for democracy

Opposition to U.S. entry into World War I –

Jeanette Rankin, George Norris, and Robert LaFollette opposed the war.

The war boards –

Made to unify the war efforts by government, industry, and labor.

Versailles Peace Conference –

The main idea for this was to stop a war from ever happening again, 14 points, demilitarization, league of nations, decolonization of national minorities so they could have self-determination, open trade, and open seas

Henry Cabot Lodge –

Opposed the League of Nations because according to Article 10, it could lead the US into war without the consent of Congress.