8SS midterm

stuff u should know for ss midterm

Archaeology

Study of material remains of ancient people

Artifacts

Tools, weapons, or other objects left behind by the early people

Ice Age

Period of extreme cold; glaciers formed; land bridge ¨Beringia” discovered underneath

Northwest Passage

Sea passage between Atlantic and Pacific oceans along the north coast of North America

Joint Stock Company

A company in which investors buy a stock in return for a share of its future profits

The Virginia company

The joint stock company that established the settlement of Jamestown

Jamestown

Name of new settlement to honor their king; somehow survived during “the starving time”

Burgesses

Elected representative to an assembly

Protestants

Someone who wanted to reform the church

Reformists

Wanted to reform the church to what it originally was

Puritans

Protestants who wished to reform the Anglican church

Seperatists

People who sought to set up their own churches

Separatists

Were the pilgrims separatists or Puritans?

New Netherlands

Area between these two groups of colonies were lands under Dutch control

New Amsterdam

Main settlement of New Netherlands; center of shipping to and from America

Manhattan Island

Where New Amsterdam is located

Dutch West India Company

Controlled New Netherlands

Quakers

Pacifists; Protestant group that had been persecuted in England, found colony of Pennsylvania

William Penn

Saw Pennsylvania as a “holy experiment”

Cash crop

A crop that can be sold easily in markets

Subsistence Farming

Producing just enough to meet immediate needs

Artisan

Person who worked in a skilled trade; blacksmiths, shoemakers, furniture makers, gunsmiths

Merchant

Someone who is involved in some sort of trade

The Middle Passage

How did slaves get to America?

English Principles of Government

Magna Carta, Representative Government, Glorious Revolution

Magna Carta

Also known as Great Charter, document gave english people protection against unjust treatment or punishmen

Representative Government

People elect delegates to make laws and conduct government

Glorious Revolution

Peaceful transfer of power

Mercantilism

Economic theory whose goal is building a state’s wealth and power by increasing exports and accumulating precious metals in return

Export

To sell abroad

Import

To bring in from foreign markets

Enlightenment

Knowledge, reason, and science could improve society

The Great Awakening

Religious revival

French and Indian war

A battle between the British against the French and Indians—the British won

Iroquois Confederacy

A group of Native American nations in eastern North America joined together under one general government

Albany Plan of Union

Used to try and unite/form a colonial government each colony would have to give up some power

Treaty of Paris

Forced France to give Canada most of its lands east of the Mississippi river to Great Britain

Proclamation of 1763

Helped remove a source of conflict with Native Americans and prevented colonists to expand Westward

Writs of assistance

Court document allowing customs officers to enter any location to search for smuggled goods

Sons of Liberty

Reason for the Boston Tea Party; radical group of Patriots that disliked British control & protested British policies; seen as rebels and terrorists by the British - founded most likely by Samuel Adams

Stamp Act

Taxed almost all printed materials; newspapers, wills, playing cards

Tea Act

Gave companies nearly total control of the market for tea in the colonies

Townshend Act

Taxed imported goods; glass, tea, paper

Boston Massacre

Violence erupting; nervous Redcoats fired weapons and killed 5 colonists

Boston Tea Party

When the Sons of Liberty dress as Native Americans and dump tea in the harbor off of British ships despite knowing they would be caught

Continental Congress

Group of people that came together to set up a political body that would represent Americans and challenge British control; 55 delegates from 12 out of 13 colonies

Loyalists

American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence

Patriots

American colonists who favored American Independence

Second Continental Congress

Met on May 10, 1775; discussed that they weren’t ready to vote for a break from Britain and decided that they would want to wait a year before writing the Declaration of Independence

Declaration of Independence

Announced independence and separation of the 13 colonies from Great Britain

Preamble

The introduction of Declaration of Independence in which states that people who wish to form a new country should explain their reasons for doing so