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MEDIEVAL MUSIC
450 AD -1450 AD
Fall of Roman Empire
6 AD (“in the year of the Lord”)
New Era started ( Middle Ages)
New Kind of music was shaped – Medieval Music
11-12 Centuries musicians called Troubadours, Trouveres, Minstrels
Sacred and secular
▪ Beginning of the “dark ages”.
â–Ş Life was hard and full of migrations, upheavals, and wars.
â–Ş In the later Middle Ages churches and monasteries were constructed, towns grew, universities were founded.
SOCIAL CLASSES
â–ŞNOBILITY
â–ŞPEASANTRY
â–ŞCLERGY
NOBILITY
-Derives from Latin nobilitas or nobilis; well-known, famous, notable,
-ranked immediately under royalty, and the membership thereof typically being hereditary.
PEASANTRY
- uneducated or unfamiliar
- member of a traditional class of farmers, either laborers or owners of small farms.
CLERGY
- First class of society,
- sacred character,
- woman we’re not allowed to sing
- members are the ones in charge of the worship of God
MUSIC HISTORY
â–ŞVocal Music
â–ŞThe church frowned on instruments.
â–ŞAround 1100, instruments were used in church.
â–ŞThe organ was most prominent.
Troubadour Music
â–ŞTROUBADOURS
-Performers
-Composers
-Female: trobairitz
ADAM DE LA HALLE
Also known as Adam the Hunchback
â–Ş French Poet, musicians, composer and trouvere
▪ Trouvère refers to poet-composers who were roughly contemporary with and influenced by the trobadors, both composing and performing lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages,
â–Ş History maker in the world of music during Medieval Period
â–Ş Used Polyphonic music
Trouvère
refers to poet-composers who were roughly contemporary with and influenced by the trobadors, both composing and performing lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages,
POLYPHONY
is a musical texture that features two or more equally prominent melodic lines played at the same time.
SECULAR MUSIC
â–ŞMusic does not bound in religious traditions.
MINISTREL
– lowly musicians who wondered among the court and towns and regaled their audience with gossip and news.
JONGLEURS/JONGLEURESSES
– versatile entertainers who played musical instruments, song and dance, showed tricks, and preformed with animal acts
TROBADOURS and TROUVERES
– travelling poets and musicians who flourished in the various courts of Europe
MINNESINGERS
-they refer to singers of courtly love
MUSIC OF THE CHURCH
â–ŞGREGORIAN CHANTS
â–ŞIt is a single line (no harmony) sung by many to convey a calm quality.
â–ŞIt represents the church.
â–ŞIt has flexible rhythm, without meter, and little sense of beat.
GREGORIAN CHANT
â–ŞUnaccompanied monophonic song used by Western Catholic Church
▪It uses centonization method – putting together the same set of musical motifs.
â–ŞThe chants can be sung by using six-note pattern called hexachord.
â–ŞNeums - are an early form of music notation (four-line and five-line staff developed)
▪Organum – multi or several voice elaborations of Gregorian Chant is sung by choirs of men and boys
centonization
-method putting together the same set of musical motifs.
NEUMS
are an early form of music notation (four-line and five-line staff developed)
ORGANUM
– multi or several voice elaborations of Gregorian Chant is sung by choirs of men and boys
POLYPHONIC MUSIC
â–ŞParis at the Cathedral of Notre Dame. â–ŞUsing precise rhythms as well as pitches. â–ŞTwo voices
GRADUALE
â–Ş is a peaceful song. It was a Gregorian Chant. This song is religious.
HISTORY
â–ŞMedieval times; Catholic church services â–Şmore focus on secular themes