APUSH Period 3: 1754-1800 (copy)

1763

End of French and Indian War, end of salutary neglect

French and Indian War 1754-1763

War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.

massive debt

England leaves the French and Indian war with

Proclamation of 1763

A proclamation to where the colonists couldn't move and expand to the west of the Appalachian mountains. That was preserved for the Native Americans.

Sugar Act

law passed by the British Parliament setting taxes on molasses and sugar imported by the colonies

Stamp Act

raised revenue from the American colonies by a duty in the form of a stamp required on all newspapers and legal or commercial documents

Quartering Act

an act passed by the British that allowed British troops to live in the homes of the colonists

Declaratory Act

Act passed in 1766 after the repeal of the stamp act; stated that Parliament had authority over the the colonies and the right to tax and pass legislation "in all cases whatsoever."

Townshend Acts

A tax that the British Parliament passed in 1767 that was placed on leads, glass, paint and tea

Tea Act

Law passed by parliament allowing the British East India Company to sell its low-cost tea directly to the colonies - undermining colonial tea merchants; led to the Boston Tea Party

Intolerable Acts

in response to Boston Tea Party, 4 acts passed in 1774, Port of Boston closed, reduced power of assemblies in colonies, permitted royal officers to be tried elsewhere, provided for quartering of troop's in barns and empty houses

Quebec Act

Extended boundaries of Quebec and granted equal rights to Catholics and recognized legality Catholic Church in the territory; colonists feared this meant that a pope would soon oversee the colonies.

Stamp act riots

civil disobedience harassment of tax collectors

stamp act congress

A meeting of delegations from many of the colonies, the congress was formed to protest the newly passed Stamp Act It adopted a declaration of rights as well as sent letters of complaints to the king and parliament, and it showed signs of colonial unity and organized resistance.

sons of liberty

A radical political organization for colonial independence which formed in 1765 after the passage of the Stamp Act. They incited riots and burned the customs houses where the stamped British paper was kept. After the repeal of the Stamp Act, many of the local chapters formed the Committees of Correspondence which continued to promote opposition to British policies towards the colonies. The Sons leaders included Samuel Adams and Paul Revere.

boston tea party 1773

A 1773 protest against British taxes in which Boston colonists disguised as Mohawks dumped valuable tea into Boston Harbor.

committees of correspondence

Organization founded by Samuel Adams consisting of a system of communication between patriot leaders in New England and throughout the colonies

continental Congress

The legislative assembly composed of delegates from the rebel colonies who met during and after the American Revolution

John Hancock

Patriot leader and president of the Second Continental Congress; first person to sign the Declaration of Independence.

grassroot movements

group that forms in response to an economic or political event but does not focus on only one issue

Thomas Paine's Common Sense

Pamphlet published in 1776 that persuaded American Colonists to support independence.

Declaration of Independence 1776

issued by the Second Continental Congress, explaining why the colonies wanted independence from Britain.

reasons the colonies won the war

Home field advantage
French assistance
Superior leadership: George Washington

causes of american revolution

1. Taxation 2. Revocation of Royal Charters 3. Enforcement of Navigation Acts 4. British Demands for Colonists to pay for cost of French and Indian War. 5. Oppression by King 6. Interference of Parliament in Colonial Affairs. 7. No Representation in Parliament.

property

Following the revolution, some states eliminated ______ requirements for voting, still white men voting

republican motherhood

The idea that American women had a special responsibility to cultivate "civic virtue" in their children

Remember the ladies

In a letter written by Abigail Adams to John Adams in 1776, Abigail was asking Adams to make laws that would offer rights for women, not only men, protecting them against abusive and tyrannical men.

north and middle

Following the Ameican revolution, there was the gradual emancipation in the ____________ colonists → wasn't economically viable

Treaty of Paris 1783

agreement signed by British and American leaders that stated the United States of America was a free and independent country

Locke

natural rights

Articles of Confederation 1781

A weak constitution that governed America during the Revolutionary War

Constitutional Convention 1787

A meeting in Philadelphia, delegates went with intentions of revising AOC, ended up writing a whole new constitution

bill of rights

Constitution was ratified to anti-federalists with promises of the addition of a _______ ___ _____

virginia plan

"Large state" proposal, bicameral Congress, representaition based on population

NJ Plan

in favor of smaller states, unicameral legislature, equal representation

Great Compromise

Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature and representation based on population in the other house

3/5 compromise

each slave would count for 3/5 of a person for taxation and representation purposes

republicanism

A philosophy of limited government with elected representatives serving at the will of the people. The government is based on consent of the governed.

Whiskey rebellion

In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion, showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem

Shay's rebellion

Rebellion led by Daniel Shays of farmers in western Massachusetts in 1786-1787, protesting mortgage foreclosures. It highlighted the need for a strong national government just as the call for the Constitutional Convention went out.

Hamilton's Financial Plan

Pay off all war debts, raise government revenues, create a national bank

Alien and Sedition Acts

acts passed by federalists giving the government power to imprison or deport foreign citizens and prosecute critics of the government, giving more power to government, (anti-democratic bc immigrants r usually democrats)

Virginia and Kentucky resolutions

Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional.

Proclamation of Neutrality 1793

A formal announcement issued by President George Washington, declaring the United States a neutral nation in the conflict between Great Britain and France.

XYZ Affairs

incident in which french agents attempted to get a bribe and loans from US diplomats in exchange for an agreement that French privateers would no longer attack American ships; it led to an undeclared naval war between the 2 countries

Quasi War

Undeclared war fought entirely at sea between the United States and France from 1798 to 1800. The French began to seize American ships trading with their British enemies and refused to receive a new United States minister when he arrived in Paris in December 1796.

Convention of 1800

A conference between the U.S. and France which ended the naval hostilities.

Jay's treaty

Treaty signed in 1794 between the U.S. And Britain in which Britain sought to improve trade relations and agreed to withdraw from forts in the northwest territory

not

Treaty of Paris was ____ very effective, the british continued to: Impressment, forts on American soldier, giving weapons to native americans

Pinckney's Treaty

agreement between the united states and spain that changed floridas border and made it easier for american ships to use the port of new orleans

federalists

Favor a strong central government
Favor manufacturing
Loose interpretation of the Constitution
Favored England

democratic-republicans

Favor a weak central government
Agrarian lifestyle
Strict interpretation of the Constitution
Favored France

Washington's Farewell Address

Warned Americans not to get involved in European affairs, not to make permanent alliances, not to form political parties and to avoid sectionalism.

Election of 1800

Jefferson elected; defeats Adams, first peaceful, orderly transfer of power via competitive elections Called "Revolution of 1800"

Pontiac Rebellion

An Indian uprising after the French and Indian War, led by an Ottowa chief named Pontiac. They opposed British expansion into the western Ohio Valley and began destroying British forts in the area. The attacks ended when Pontiac was killed.

Battle of Fallen Timbers

The U.S. Army defeated the Native Americans under Shawnee Chief Blue Jacket and ended Native American hopes of keeping their land that lay north of the Ohio River

Treaty of Greenville

Gave the United States claim to most Indian lands in the Northwest Territory.

Land Ordinance of 1785

A law that divided much of the United States into a system of townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers.

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Created the Northwest Territory (area north of the Ohio River and west of Pennsylvania), established conditions for self-government and statehood, included a Bill of Rights, and permanently prohibited slavery