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Active Immunity
A form of acquired immunity in which the body produces its own antibodies against a pathogen; long-term protection
Adult Stem Cells
stem cells that are found in adults that can differentiate to form a limited number of body cells
AIDS
(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) a disease caused by HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) which attacks and kills T cells in the immune system
Antibiotic
a drug used to fight and kill bacterial infections; Ex. penicillin
Antibody
a Y-shaped protein that attaches to foreign molecules and signals their destruction by white blood cells
Anti-Codon
three letters (nitrogen bases) on a tRNA molecule
Antiviral
new class of drugs used to treat viral infections; Ex. tamiflu
Asexual Reproduction
A reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent.
B-cell
a type of white blood cell that makes antibodies
Cancer
uncontrolled cell division
Cell Cycle
life cycle of a cell that consists of interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis
Cholera
A disease spread by bacteria in contaminated water that causes an infection in the intestine and results in severe vomiting and diarrhea; can be fatal
Chromatin
tangled up spaghetti like DNA mixed with protein; only found during interphase
Chromosomes
formed when DNA coils tightly around proteins
Codon
three letters (nitrogen bases) in the mRNA
Complementary Base Pairing
A always pairs with T and G with C in DNA; in RNA, A always pairs with U and G with C
Cytokinesis
last step of the cell cycle in which the cytoplasm divides into two cells
Daughter Cells
the cells that result from the division of a single parent cell; produced in mitosis and meiosis
Deoxyribose
sugar found in DNA
Differentiation
process that occurs during embryonic development in which stem cells take on different structures and functions and become the many different types of cells in the human body; also called specialization
DNA Replication
the process of making a copy of DNA
Double Helix
term used to describe the structure of DNA
Embryonic Stem Cells
cell of the early embryo which are undifferentiated and can develop into any type of body cell; highly valuable to researchers
Hydrogen Bond
weak chemical bond between the nitrogen bases of DNA that can be easily broken during unzipping
Interphase
longest phase of the cell cycle consisting of G1, S, and G2 in which the cell is growing and copying its DNA
mRNA
acts as a messenger by carrying the message of the DNA out into the cytoplasm for translation; made during transription; contains codons
Mutation
a mistake or change in the normal sequence of DNA; can be random/spontaneous OR caused by radiation, tobacco smoke, and chemical exposure
Nitrogenous Base
A, T, G, and C in DNA; A, U, G, and C in RNA
Passive Immunity
short-term protection that occurs when a person gets antibodies from another source; the person does not make them
Pfiesteria
a group of protists that has caused large algal blooms and fish kills off the coast of NC
Protein Synthesis
process of making proteins that includes transcription and translation
Tuberculosis
a bacterial infection of the lungs
