THE KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY OF MATTER + MOTION OF PARTICLES + CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLID AND LIQUIDS

CHEMISTRY

• It is the study of matter, analyzing its structure, properties, and behavior to see what happens.

CHEMISTRY

• A physical science under natural science that covers the elements that makes up matter to the compounds made of atoms.

1. Organic Chemistry

2. Inorganic Chemistry

3. Analytical Chemistry

4. Biochemistry

5. Physical Chemistry

Branches of Chemistry (5)

Organic Chemistry

Branches of Chemistry

• Natural; Refers to the molecules that come together called bundle or molecule bond, because of their attraction with each other, which creates negative and positive charged.

Inorganic Chemistry

Branches of Chemistry

• Minerals (diamond, silver, ruby, jade).

Analytical Chemistry

Branches of Chemistry

• Computation of data, experiment to the final output, analysis of the experiment problem and results.

Biochemistry

Branches of Chemistry

• Study of living things (cells, molecules, organisms, fungi).

Physical Chemistry

Branches of Chemistry

• Integrated to Physical Science (like the laws).

Kinetic

• It means movement/motion

Molecular

• Refers to small particles called molecules

Kinetic Molecular Theory

• Theory of how particles move within a matter

The Kinetic Theory of Matter

• A Microscopic Description of Matter.

The Kinetic Theory of Matter

• It is the only difference between liquid, solid, and gas.

The Kinetic Theory of Matter

• An increase in temperature will cause the average kinetic energy of the particles in the solid, liquid, and gas to increase.

The Kinetic Theory of Matter

• The heat energy is changed into an equivalent amount of kinetic energy.

  • Example:

Solid - Heat - Liquid - Heat - Gas

Pagtunaw ng lata (solid to liquid).

Thus, Kinetic Energy content of particle increases in order:

Solid < Liquid < Gas

1. Vibrational Motion

2. Rotational Motion

3. Translational Motion

Motion of Particles (3)

Vibrational Motion

Motion of Particles

• A particle vibrates about a fixed point.

Rotational Motion

Motion of Particles

• A particle spins about a fixed point.

Translational Motion

Motion of Particles

• A particle moves from one point to another.

1. Wrecker ball

2. Log

3. Bricks

Arrangement of Particles in a Solid

Give the EXAMPLES:

1. Water

2. Softdrinks

3. Sea

4. Soysauce

5. Milk

Arrangement of Particles in a Liquid

Give the EXAMPLES:

1. Oxygen

2. Helium

3. Carbon Dioxide

4. LPG

Arrangement of Particles in a Gas

Give the EXAMPLES:

Matter

• It is made up of particles that are constantly moving.

temperature

• All particles have energy, but the energy varies depending on the ____________ the sample of matter is in.

measure of the average kinetic energy

• The temperature of a substance is a ________ of the average ________ _______ of the particles.

change in phase

• A _____ __ ____ may occur when the energy of the particles is changed.

spaces

• There are ______ between particles of matter.

intermolecular forces

• There are attractive forces between atoms/molecules called _______________ _______.

Solid

Particle Arrangement

Liquid

Particle Arrangment

Solid

Movement

Held by strong forces of attraction Particles are not free to move Particles vibrate about in fixed positions

Liquid

Movement

Held together by strong forces of attraction Particles are able to slide past one another

Solid

Density

Very high

Liquid

Density

High

Solid

Diffusibility

Extremely slow

Liquid

Diffusibility

Slow

Solid

Compressibility

Slightly compressible

Liquid

Compressibility

Slightly compressible

Solid

Volume and Shape

Has fixed volume and shape

Liquid

Volume and Shape

Assumes the shape of the container it occupied Has fixed volume

Solid

Thermal Expansibility

Expands lightly as when healed

Liquid

Thermal Expansibility

Expands slightly as heated