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Based on the study guide from 3.3 on. Study the art as well!!!
The Chartists
The working class people leading a campaign for universal suffrage, equal electoral districts, and secret ballots
Anti Corn Law League
The group hoping to end high tariffs on imported grains, therefore lowering food prices
Jeremy Bentham
The utilitarian who first believed in government intervention for the greater good
John Stuart Mill
The utilitarian who believed it was important to listen to the minority
Flora Tristan
The utopian who believed the working class couldn’t be lifted out of poverty until women were given suffrage
Karl Marx
Wrote the communist manifesto, calling for the middle class to rise up, destroying ownership and class systems to create total equality
Utilitarians
People who believed in government intervention to create a social safety net and prevent inequality
Metternich
The conservative pioneer of the Concert of Europe. They worked together to suppress nationalist rebellions
Nationalism
The belief in the superiority of one’s ethnic group and their need to govern themselves
Count Cavour
The leader from Piedmont-Sardinia who spearheaded the Italian unification efforts
Giuseppe Garibaldi
The military leader from Sicily who fought to unify south Italy, later ceding it to Piedmont-Sardinia
Social Darwinism
The belief in survival of the fittest as applied to races, leading to imperialism
Dreyfus Affair
The event in which a Jewish soldier was falsely accused and punished of treason despite evidence of his innocence
Haussman
The person who redesigned Paris under Napoleon III
Concert of Europe
BARP: a conservative alliance under Metternich seeking to maintain the balance of power
Greek War
The war for Greek Independence in which the Concert of Europe decided to support nationalist Greeks to suppress the Ottomans
Decembrist Revolts
The rebellion of Russian military officers demanding a constitution after the death of Tsar Alexander I
July Revolution 1830
The French rebellion led by the poor which overthrew Charles X, instituting Louis Philippe
Belgian Revolution
The revolution establishing Belgium as a state independent of the Netherlands due to cultural differences
Simon Bolivar
The leader who fought against Spain for Colombian independence
Louis Phillipe
The “citizen king” after the July Revolutions who, despite being liberal & expanding voting rights, led a bourgeois life and ignored demands of poor workers
Napoleon III
The leader after the French Revolution of 1848 who consolidated his power, but improved city life
Florence Nightingale
The nurse during the Crimean war who created modern hygiene standards
Crimean War
The war in which Russia invaded the Ottoman Empire, leading to opposition from Britain, France, & Austria. Russia was brutally defeated, showing their need to industrialize & ending the Concert of Europe
Franco-Prussian War
The war in which Germany convinced France to invade southern Germany, leading to German unification & a brutal French defeat
Bismarck
The realpolitik who led to the German unification
Realpolitik
The political ideology in which one abandoned their beliefs in support of the gaining of power
Revolutions of 1848
Revolutions across Europe based on nationalism and liberalism, leading to a conservative backlash after disorganization and the end of the Concert of Europe
Romanticism
The art style prioritizing emotions over reason, which is largely nostalgic, organic, and inspired by nature
Goya, Friedrich, Turner, Delacroix, Beethoven, Shelleyy
Romanticist artists
Realism
The art style that exposes the true nature and cruelties of everyday life
Balzac, Dickens, Eliot, Courbet
Realist Artists
Impressionism
Captured a momentary glimpse of nature, often very abstract using “mind’s eye”
Monet, Cezzane, Picasso, Van Gogh
Impressionist Artists
Freud
A psychologist who exposed many mental conditions
Berlin Conference
The meeting in which European leaders divvied up Africa for themselves
Henri de Saint-Simon
The main utopian socialist
Fashoda Crisis
The conflict in which both England & France stumbled upon Sudan, in which France backed down at the threat of war
Boer War
The war between England & German Boers, in which England won, exacerbating tensions between the countries
Carlsbad Decrees
Metternich persuaded German states to institute laws suppressing liberal movements with a secret police and strict censorship
Louis XVIII
The king after Napoleon who implemented many liberal reforms whilst having very limited voting and strong monarch power
Charles X
The French king who ended the right to vote and the constitution, causing the July Revolution
Danish Schleswig War
The war in which Prussia & Austria sought to capture Danish land that was ethnically German
Austro-Prussian War
The war in which Prussia claimed much of the Austrian Schleswig land that was previously Danish
Ems Dispatch
The event leading to Franco-Prussian War, making it seem like the German Kaiser insulted France during the Spanish succession
Austro-Sardinian War
The war in which Piedmont-Sardinia took Austrian Lombardy, despite France double crossing them and giving them less land
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Flashcard (102)