Traditional Music (AQA)

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65 Terms

1

Traditional Music

is the music that originates from the cultural and social practices of a community. It is passed down through generations, often orally, and reflects the history, traditions, and values of the people.

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2

Folk Music

  • Variants include British Isles folk, American folk, and Eastern European folk.

  • Notable songs: “Scarborough Fair” (British), “This Land Is Your Land” (American).

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3

Blues

  • Originated in the African American communities in the Southern United States.

  • Features 12-bar blues structure, blue notes, and call-and-response.

  • Instruments: guitar, harmonica, piano.

  • Influential artists: Robert Johnson, B.B. King.

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4

Reggae

  • Originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s.

  • Characteristics: offbeat rhythms, syncopated bass lines, and politically conscious lyrics.

  • Key figures: Bob Marley, Peter Tosh.

  • Common instruments: bass guitar, drums, electric guitar.

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5

Salsa

  • Latin American dance music with Afro-Cuban origins.

  • Complex rhythms with clave patterns, featuring instruments like congas, timbales, and trumpets.

  • Popular songs: “Oye Como Va” by Tito Puente.

  • Notable artists: Celia Cruz, Willie ColĂłn.

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6

Fiddle

Instrument in Irish folk

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7

Sitar

Instrument in Indian classical music

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8

Banjo

Instrument in American bluegrass

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9

Nasality

Vocal technique in Appalachian folk singing

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10

Microtonal ornamentation

Vocal technique in Indian classical singing

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11

Call and response

Vocal technique in African and African American traditions

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12

Syncopation

Rhythmic patterns in reggae and jazz

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13

Clave rhythm

Rhythmic patterns in Afro-Cuban Music

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14

Polyrhythms

Rhythmic patterns in West African drumming

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15

Pentatonic scales

Melodic structure in East Asian and Celtic music

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16

Ragas

Melodic structure n Indian classical music, which include specific melodic frameworks

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17

Drone accompaniment

Harmonic practices in Scottish bagpipe music

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18

I-IV-V chord progression

Harmonic practices in Blues

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19

Simple diatonic harmony

Harmonic practices in American folk music

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20

Alan Lomax Archive

Extensive collection of folk and traditional music recordings

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21

Smithsonian Folkways

A treasure trove of traditional music from around the world

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22

Naxos World

A collection of world music albums, ideal for exploring diverse traditional genres

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23

“Buena Vista Social Club”

A film documenting the lives and music of Cuban musicians.

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24

“The Blues”

A documentary series exploring the history and influence of blues music.

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25

“Muscle Shoals”

A film about the influential music scene in Muscle Shoals, Alabama, and its roots in traditional music

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26

Blue notes

Notes sung or played at a slightly lower pitch than standard in blues and jazz music, adding a characteristic expressive quality.

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27

Pentatonic, whole tone, modal

Scales used in various musical traditions

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28

Pentatonic

scales have five notes per octave

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29

whole tone

scales use whole steps only

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30

modal

scales emphasize specific modes (like Ionian, Dorian, etc.)

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31

pitch bend

bending pitch deliberately in melody

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32

appoggiaturas

adding decorative notes in melody

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33

Ostinato

A repeating musical phrase or pattern.

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34

Riss

A short, repeated musical phrase often played by the rhythm section or soloist in jazz, rock, or blues.

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35

Melody-scat

Vocal improvisation using nonsense syllables to create a melody, common in jazz.

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36

Melisma

The singing of a single syllable of text while moving between several different notes in succession.

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37

Cyclic

Structure of music with a repeating pattern or cycle

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38

Call and response

A musical form where a phrase played by one musician (call) is answered by another (response).

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39

12/16 bars

Standard structures for blues music,

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40

drone

Sustained or continuously repeated timbre musical tone.

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41

A cappella

Vocal music performed without instrumental accompaniment.

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42

Imitative

A musical texture where different voices or instruments enter in succession, echoing each other.

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43

Layered/layering

The technique of adding multiple parts or textures to create depth and complexity in music.

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44

Irregular, free

Rhythmic patterns without a strict, regular beat.

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45

skank

A guitar or keyboard rhythmic pattern emphasizing off-beats, common in reggae.

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46

bubble

A syncopated rhythmic pattern in Caribbean music.

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47

Clave (Bo Diddley type beat)

A foundational rhythmic pattern in Latin music and jazz.

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48

Augmentation, diminution

Techniques where rhythmic patterns are lengthened (augmentation) or shortened (diminution).

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49

Anacrusis

The upbeat or pickup note(s) before the downbeat.

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50

Hemiola

A rhythmic pattern where two groups of three beats are temporarily played as three groups of two beats, or vice versa.

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51

cross-rhythm

rhythms that cross each other

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52

polyrhythm

Simultaneous rhythms with different patterns or time signatures

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53

Shuffle beat

A rhythm where the first note in a pair of notes is longer than the second.

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54

Backbeat

Accentuation of the second and fourth beats of a measure in 4/4 time.

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55

Syncopation

Emphasizing weak beats or off-beats in music.

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56

Off-beat

Accenting a weak beat or the upbeat.

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57

Graceland

  • Melody: Features melodic phrases influenced by African musical traditions, potentially incorporating pentatonic scales and melodic improvisation.

  • Rhythm: Utilizes a blend of African and Western rhythms, possibly including polyrhythms, syncopation, and a shuffle beat.

  • Structure: Likely follows a verse-chorus form with rhythmic variation and possibly a cyclic structure in some sections.

  • Timbre: Includes a mix of acoustic and electric instruments, possibly with layered textures and vocal harmonies.

  • Tonality: Might explore modal influences in the melodies.

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58

Diamonds on the Soles of Her Shoes

  • Melody: Features intricate vocal melodies with melismatic passages and potentially incorporating blue notes.

  • Rhythm: Complex rhythmic patterns with elements of African and Western fusion, possibly including polyrhythms and syncopation.

  • Structure: May include a call-and-response structure between vocals and instruments, with sections of improvisation.

  • Timbre: Utilizes a variety of instruments including guitars, bass, and percussion, possibly with a bright, percussive sound.

  • Tonality: Likely explores modal elements in the harmonic and melodic structure.

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59

You Can Call Me Al

  • Melody: Catchy, memorable melodies possibly featuring riff-based sections and improvisational elements.

  • Rhythm: Upbeat and lively rhythm with a prominent backbeat and syncopated accents, potentially incorporating elements of the Bo Diddley beat (clave pattern).

  • Structure: Likely follows a traditional verse-chorus form with instrumental solos and rhythmic variations.

  • Timbre: Features a mix of brass, guitars, and percussion with a focus on rhythmic interplay and layered textures.

  • Tonality: Could explore modal scales and pentatonic elements in the melodies and solos.

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60

I Know You Know

  • Melody: Features intricate vocal melodies with jazz influences, possibly incorporating melismatic passages and scat singing.

  • Rhythm: Complex rhythmic patterns with elements of jazz and Latin music, potentially including polyrhythms and cross-rhythms.

  • Structure: May have a through-composed structure with improvisational sections and varied rhythmic textures.

  • Timbre: Utilizes a mix of acoustic and electric instruments with a focus on jazz instrumentation and vocal textures.

  • Tonality: Likely explores modal and pentatonic scales in the improvisational sections.

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61

Little Fly

  • Melody: Intimate vocal melodies with delicate phrasing and potentially featuring melismatic passages and vocal improvisation.

  • Rhythm: Gentle, flowing rhythm with subtle syncopations and possibly incorporating elements of rubato (tempo flexibility).

  • Structure: Could be strophic or through-composed with a focus on lyrical expression and intimate musical textures.

  • Timbre: Features acoustic instrumentation with a focus on vocal timbres and subtle instrumental accompaniment.

  • Tonality: Might explore modal influences in the harmonic and melodic structure.

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62

I Adore You

  • Melody: Evocative vocal melodies with emotional depth, potentially featuring melismatic passages and expressive phrasing.

  • Rhythm: Medium tempo with a relaxed groove, possibly incorporating elements of jazz and R&B rhythms.

  • Structure: Likely follows a verse-chorus form with expressive vocal and instrumental solos, and possibly a cyclic structure.

  • Timbre: Utilizes a blend of acoustic and electric instruments with a focus on vocal clarity and instrumental subtlety.

  • Tonality: Explores modal and pentatonic elements in the harmonic and melodic structure.

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63

Woody Guthrie

American folk musician and songwriter known for songs like “This Land Is Your Land” that capture the spirit of American folk.

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64

Lead Belly

American blues and folk musician famous for songs like “Goodnight, Irene” and “Midnight Special.”

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65

Bob Marley

Jamaican reggae singer-songwriter. Hits include “No Woman, No Cry” and “One Love.”

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