SMED - Feline Vaccines & Parasites

type of vaccine that is comprised of a protein or piece of the intended pathogen that can stimulate immune response, but not cause disease

killed

type of vaccine that is derived from the naturally occurring pathogen but modified that it cannot cause disease but does allow for immune stimulation

modified live

type of vaccine that contains a weakened form of the pathogen that can cause disease but with the intention that the severity is limited

live

characteristics of killed vaccine

• unable to replicate

• weaker immune stimulation

• more dependent upon adjuvants (immune stimulating additive)

• safer in pregnant and immunocompromised

characteristics of modified live vaccine

• can replicate in host

• more rapid onset of immunity

• could cause of false positive results on certain test

feline core vaccines

FRCCP

rabies

feline non-core vaccines

FeLV

FIV

what falls under FRCCP?

• feline rhinotracheitis

• feline calicivirus

• chlamydia

• feline panleukopenia virus

• provides cross protection to canine parvovirus-2

FRCCP

what kind of vaccine?

when are boosters?

where is it administered?

modified live

boosters every 3-4 weeks starting at 6 weeks of age to 16-20 weeks of age

1 year booster after initial series then every 3 years

given R front limb

feline viral rhinotracheitis

etiology

feline herpesvirus type-1

feline viral rhinotracheitis

transmission

direct and indirect transmission with contact of virus particles spread through saliva and ocular discharge

feline viral rhinotracheitis

clinical signs

upper respiratory - sneezing, nasal discharge

conjunctivitis - clear to purulent discharge

corneal ulcers

corneal sequestrum

feline viral rhinotracheitis

when does disease show?

how long is active infection?

will all infected cats be carriers?

2-5 days from infection

10-20 days

all infected cats with FHV will become carriers

feline calicivirus

transmission

direct and indirect through oral, nasal, and ocular secretions

feline calicivirus

clinical signs

upper respiratory - sneezing, nasal discharge, conjunctivitis

oral/lingual ulcers causing drooling

feline calicivirus

how long can the virus survive?

incubation period?

shedding period?

up to a week

2-6 days

14-21 days

chlamydia

transmission

direct contact

bacteria has poor survival outside the body

chlamydia

clinical signs

upper respiratory - conjunctivitis, nasal discharge, sneezing

possible pneumonia

feline panleukopenia virus

eitology

parvovirus

feline panleukopenia virus

transmission

direct and indirect contact with urine, fecal, or nasal secretions

feline panleukopenia virus

clinical signs

diarrhea

panleukopenia (all WBC decreased)

anemia

cerebellar hypoplasia

feline panleukopenia virus

shed time?

how long can it survive in the environment?

1-2 days

up to a year

feline rabies vaccine schedule

kittens 12-16+ weeks

booster in 1 year

subsequent boosters every 3 years

feline rabies

what is included in it?

where is it administered?

recombinant live vaccine with Canarypox virus

R rear limb

FELV dosage schedule

2 doses given 3-4 weeks apart as early as 8 weeks of age

FELV - who is it given to? what does it contain?

more common to vaccinate indoor-outdoor cats

recombinant live canarypox vaccine

feline leukemia virus

transmission

direct and indirect contact with nasal, saliva, urine, feces, and milk (cat bites, allogrooming)

feline leukemia virus

clinical signs

cancers

immune deficiency

blood disorders (anemia)

lymphadenopathy

nicknamed lover’s disease

feline leukemia virus

FIV vaccine schedule

yearly booster

• adjuvanted

• possible FISS risk

nicknamed fighter’s disease

feline immunodeficiency virus

FIV

transmission

direct contact, usually bite wounds

FIV 3 phases

acute phase

asymptomatic/latent phase

progressive phase

FIV acute phase

1-3 months after exposure

febrile

possible lymphadenopathy

FIV asymptomatic/latent phase

can last from months to years

FIV progressive phase

immune suppressed

secondary infections (urinary, respiratory, ocular, dermal)

survival is only a few months

gingivostomatitis is common

FIP

feline infectious peritonitis

mutation in feline coronavirus

T/F all FIP cats have feline coronavirus, but not all coronavirus cats have FIP

true

FIP what does bloodwork often show?

sever elevation in globulins

two forms of FIP

wet form

dry form

wet form FIP

cats can develop fluid accumulation/effusions

use Rivalta test

dry form FIP

visceral organ lesions

organ failure bloodwork changes

where should vaccines be administered to avoid FISS?

distal limb, ventral abdomen, or tail

what is fecal float used for?

to diagnose certain intestinal parasites by identifying parasitic eggs

what does fecal float rely on?

specific gravity solution and the density of the parasite

• usually solution of zinc sulfate or sodium nitrate

  • shoot for specific gravity of 1.2-1.3

types of parasites that could be identified on fecal float

hookworms

roundworms

whipworms

hookworm infection

cutaneous larva migrans

transdermal transmission of round worms

roundworms

transmission

vertical

spread from parent to offspring

an optional intermediate host that has passively acquired the parasite through

paratenic host

T/F roundworm eggs are not immediately infectious at the time of defecation

true

whipworm

transmission

ingestion of the embryonated eggs is the infective stage

how is tapeworm transmitted?

fleas

what is giardia?

single-celled, flagellated protozoal parasite

giardia parasitic stage

trophozoites

giardia contagious stage

cysts

what is giardia commonly associated with?

contaminated water

sometimes reported as causing a “greasy” stool

what parasites are zoonotic?

giardia (some)

hookworm

roundworm