US history mid-term

What was the Transcontinental Railroad (TRR)?

The first railroad connecting East and West USA, utilizing immigrant labor.

What was the purpose of the Assembly Line Production?

To create an efficient manufacturing process for mass production.

What did the Homestead Act of 1862 grant to settlers?

160 acres of land if they lived on and improved the land.

What was the Immigration Restriction League?

A group founded in Boston in 1894, advocating for limiting immigration by barring illiterate immigrants.

What did the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1883 do?

Temporarily banned all Chinese immigration.

What characterized the Women's Era?

A period of increased societal and political influence of women.

What was the Suffrage Movement?

A campaign for women's right to vote.

What was the Monroe Doctrine?

A policy opposing European colonialism in the Americas and ensuring U.S. neutrality in European wars.

What was the outcome of the Spanish-American War?

A conflict resulting from U.S. intervention in Cuba.

What does Teddy Roosevelt's foreign policy 'Speak softly and carry a big stick' suggest?

To negotiate peacefully while also having strength.

What was the Progressive Era?

A period of social activism and political reform from 1890 to 1920.

What is child labor?

The employment of children as young as 5 or 6 working long hours, often 18-20 per day.

What did the 17th Amendment establish?

That U.S. senators are elected by popular vote rather than by state legislatures.

What three procedures did several states adopt in addition to the 17th Amendment?

Initiative, Referendum, and Recall.

What was the campaign for Women's Suffrage led by?

NAWSA (National American Women's Suffrage Association) with successes in local school elections.

What was WWI also known as?

The Great War or the War to End All Wars.

What were the long-term causes of WWI (M.A.I.N.)?

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism.

What was the short-term cause of WWI?

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

When did Austria-Hungary declare war on Serbia during WWI?

July 28th, 1914.

What was the Triple Alliance?

An alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.

What were some new technologies developed during WWI?

Submarines, airplanes, machine guns, tanks, and poison gas (Mustard Gas).

What was the Zimmerman Telegram?

A German proposal to Mexico to attack the U.S.

What was German Submarine Warfare's goal?

To starve out Britain.

What were the Freedom points of the 14 Points?

Self-determination, freedom of the seas, open diplomacy, arms reduction, boundary changes for ethnic/national groups, and establishment of a League of Nations.

What did the Treaty of Versailles do?

Ended World War I in June 1919.

What were the conditions of the Treaty of Versailles imposed on Germany?

Demilitarize, pay reparations, war-guilt clause, and lose territories.

Did the U.S. sign the Treaty of Versailles?

No, the Senate rejected it due to concerns over the League of Nations.

What characterized Harding's presidency?

Golfing, napping, drinking during prohibition, and rumored affairs.

What economic principles did Herbert Hoover advocate during his presidency?

Rugged Individualism with tax cuts while business profits rose.

What were the impacts of industry in the 1920s?

Expansion of roads, new businesses, and increased transportation through automobiles and airplanes; also speculation and uneven prosperity.

What did the immigration acts of 1921 and 1929 do?

Limited immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe.

What was the 19th Amendment?

Granted women the right to vote in 1920.

What were some effects of the Great Depression?

Feelings of worthlessness, soup kitchens, bread lines, and many living on the streets.

What economic strategy did Hoover maintain during the Great Depression?

Laissez-faire economics with tax cuts and increased public spending.

What were the 20th and 21st Amendments?

20th moved presidential inauguration to January 20th, and 21st repealed Prohibition.

Who was Franklin Delano Roosevelt?

U.S. President who implemented the New Deal and led during most of WWII.

What was FDR's Brain Trust?

A group of advisors for FDR's New Deal policies.

What were the three parts of New Deal Legislation?

Relief, Recovery, and Reforms.

What role did women play during the Great Depression?

Most were homemakers; Eleanor Roosevelt inspired them.

What does FDIC stand for?

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which insures banks.

How did Germany fare during the Great Depression?

It faced hyperinflation, a terrible economy, and became increasingly unpopular.

What did FDR do following Pearl Harbor?

Asked Congress to declare war on Japan and Germany.

What did the War Power Act of 1941 grant FDR?

Expanded government powers, including censorship.

What did Executive Order 8802 accomplish?

Forbade discrimination in defense industries and provided equal pay for black workers.

What was the purpose of Executive Order 9066?

Relocated 112,000 Japanese Americans to internment camps.

What was D-Day (Operation Overlord)?

The largest land and sea invasion in history that occurred in June 1944.

What was the significance of the Battle of Midway?

A turning point in WWII that resulted in the destruction of Japanese aircraft carriers.