Tiny living things that can not be seen through the naked eyes.
%%Noncellular%%
Strictly %%parasites%%
On the border line of living and non living organisms.
They do not show any life activity outside the host cells.
They have crystalline shape outside the %%host cell%%.
They contain %%nucleic acid%%.
%%Multiply%% inside the host cell.
Exist in %%various shapes%%
Rod shaped
Polyhedral
Spherical
10 to 100 times smaller than bacteria
Their body consists of %%protein coat%%
A virus nears a host cell. It attaches itself with the host cell surface with the help of sticking protein. It makes a hole through the wall of the host cell. It injects its DNA/RNA into the host cytoplasm. The viral DNA can insert itself into the host DNA and %%multiplies%% with the multiplication of the host cell. It uses the machinery of the host cell in the cytoplasm and instructs the host cytoplasm to make new viruses. The viruses mature inside the host and cause the host cell to burst.
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%%Unicellular%%
Cell wall made of %%murein%%
Lack of double membrane bound organelles
A double standard circular DNA embedded in the cytoplasm. No nucleus
May or may not have %%flagella%%
Shapes: spherical, rod, spiral
Bacteria obtain their nutrition from other organisms.
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May be %%unicellular%% or %%multicellular%%
The multi cellular forms consist of thread like structures called %%hyphae%%. The hyphae are interwoven together to make the vegetable body of the fungus called %%mycelium%%.
Each hypha consist of a cell wall made of %%chitin%%
One or nucleus may be present
Their mode of nutrition is %%heterotrophic%%.
The implementation of biological processes for the benefits of mankind.
%%FERMENTATION%%:
A biological process which is used for the formation of many food products.
Glucose —> Alcohol + CO2
**OR**
Glucose —> Lactic Acid
- CO2 for making bread
- alcohol for beer making
- lactic acid for yoghurt making
%%BREAD MAKING%%
%%BEER MAKING%%
Soak seeds in water. Allow them to germinate for 2-3 days
Roast the germinated seeds grind them.
Add hot water into the ground grains . It makes wort.
Add yeast into it which converts sugar alcohol.
As %%yeast respires%%, it produces CO2. It escapes from the medium and produces foam at the top of the wort. It creates %%anaerobic conditions.%%
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%%YOGURT MAKING%%
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Transfer of human insulin gene into bacteria E.coli
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