QUIZ in Microscopic Examination

What normal crystal is related to Acid/Neutral, Colorless-Yellow, Needles, and Liver Disease

Tyrosine

What abnormal crystal is related to Acid, Colorless (Hexagonal Plates), and Inherited cystinuria?

Cystine

What are the colorless crystals?

Tyrosine and Cystine

What cast is related to Renal Failure Cast; Destruction of the tubular walls; Extreme urine stasis, Renal failure

Broad cast

What does >2 RTE/HPF indicates?

Tubular injury

It cannot be stained by Sternheimer-Malbin Stain

Fatty cast

What is the origin of Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells?

Nephron

What is the variation of Squamous Epithelial Cells?

Clue cells

Describe neutrophils

Granulated and multi-lobed

It is predominant

Neutrophils

Increase of WBC may indicate what?

UTI or Inflammation

It is common in patients with Diabetes mellitus

YEAST

It is dysmorphic with projections, fragmented RBCs

Glomerular Membrane Damage

It stains structures containing iron

Prussian blue

It identifies hemosiderin granules in cells and casts

Prussian blue

What is the normal value of RBC?

0-2 or 0-3/HPF

What happens to the RBCs of Hypotonic urine?

It swells

What happens to the RBCs of Hypertonic urine?

It crenate or shrink

What is the color of Eosin-y?

RED

Increased urinary eosinophil may indicate what?

Interstitial nephritis

It differentiates gram + and gram - bacteria

GRAM STAIN

It identifies bacterial cast

GRAM STAIN

What color does triglycerides and neutral fats have when stained with Lipid stain?

ORANGE-RED

What is the purpose of 2% Acetic Acid

Lyses RBCs

What does Toluidine Blue differs?

RBC and RTE Cells

What microscopy is used in 3D microscopy image and layer by layer imaging of specimen

Interference Contrast Microscopy

Interference Contrast Microscopy: Differential

Nomarski

Interference Contrast Microscopy: Modulation

Hoffman

It identifies epithelial cells, WBC, and Cast cells

Sternheimer-Malbin (Crystal violet and Safranin O)

Stains used in Sternheimer-Malbin

Crystal violet and Safranin O

It is the most frequently used stain in urinalysis

Sternheimer-Malbin

It enhances nuclear detail; Supravital stain

Toluidine Blue

Purpose of 2% Acetic Acid

Enhances nuclei of WBC

Specimen for Addis count

12-Hour Urine Specimen

Preservative of Addis count

Formalin

What is the qantitative measure of formed elements of urine using hemocytometer?

Addis count

It has halo effect

Phase contrast microscopy

Works by retardation of light rays diffused by the object involved

Phase contrast microscopy

It is identified using Dark Filed Microscopy

Treponema pallidum

Most commonly performed in urinalysis lab

Bright field microscopy

What does polarizing microscopy produce in cholesterol?

Maltese cross pattern

What microscopy is used for oval fat bodies/

Polarizing micrsocopy

Normal value of urine specimen for urinalysis

10-15 mL

What is the average value of urine specimen?

12 mL