Mucogingival Deformities and Conditions Around Teeth

What are Mucogingival Deformities and Conditions

Any defect associated with deviation from normal anatomic/morphologic relationship between gingiva and alveolar mucosa

All age groups susceptible

Can affect any tooth or implant and can occur in presence or absence of periodontal disease

What are examples of mucogingival deformations or condition

Gingival/soft tissue recession

Lack of keratinized gingiva

Decreased vestibular depth

Aberrant frenum/muscle position

Gingival excess

Abnormal color

What are Periodontal biotypes

Features of periodontium influenced by genetic and environmental factors

What are the 3 Periodontal biotypes

Gingival biotype

Bone morphology

Tooth dimension of any given tooth

What is a thin-scalloped gingival biotype

Slender, triangular-shaped crown

Thin, delicate, friable soft tissue with thin alveolar bone

Narrow zone of keratinized tissue

Accentuated scalloped gingival margin contour

Greater tendency for onset, progression of mucogingival deformity

What is a thick-scalloped gingival biotype

Slender, triangular-shaped crown

Thick, fibrotic gingiva

Narrow-to-moderate zone of keratinized tissue

Accentuated scalloped gingival margin contour

Prone to development of mucogingival deformity

What is thick-flat biofilm

Wide, square-shaped crown

Thick, dense, and fibrotic tissue

Wide band of keratinized tissue

Flat gingival margin contour

More resilient and less susceptible to inflammation and trauma than thin- and thick-scalloped biotypes

Can Periodontal biotype vary among different teeth within same individual

yes

Describe recession of gingival margins

Movement of gingival margin to point apical to cementoenamel junction

Most common mucogingival deformity

Can affect any age group

Corresponds to attachment loss that exposes rootsurface to oral environment

What is the Miller classification system for recession

Most widely used for nearly four decades

Based on level of gingival margin with respect to mucogingival junction and underlying alveolar bone

Consists of four recessions categories

What is class 1

Marginal tissue that does not extend to mucogingival junction (MGJ)

What is class 2

Marginal tissue recession that extends to or beyond MGJ with no periodontal loss in interdental area

What is class 3

Marginal tissue recession that extends to or beyond MGJ with interdental bone or soft-tissue loss and/or malpositioning of teeth

What is class 4

Marginal tissue recession that extends beyond MGJ with severe loss of interdental bone to level corresponding to most apical extent of marginal tissue recession

What is the Cairo classification system

Uses objective identifiable criterion (clinical attachment level) to classify extent and severity of soft tissue recession

More reliable; can be used in clinical practice

Identifies three gingival recession types

Cairo recession type 1

Gingival recession with no loss of interproximal attachment

Cairo recession type 2

Gingival recession with loss of interproximal attachment

Amount of interproximal attachment loss less than or equal to buccal attachment loss

Cairo recession type 3

Gingival recession with loss of interproximal attachment

Amount of interproximal attachment loss greater than buccal attachment loss