001_Skeletal_System

Cartilage

is a soft, elastic and flexible connective tissue that protects the bone from rubbing against each other.

Osteoporosis

prevalent disease, common among elderly; characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue.

vitamin D

Treatments include ________ supplements and calcium and drugs that slow down bone loss.

Appendicular

hips, shoulders, arms, legs.

Ligaments

bands of dense and fibrous connective tissues that are key to the function of joints.

Yellow

(________) bone marrow is found in the middle of compact bones.

Locomotion

________ is active movement from one place to another, as a result from muscles working against some type of skeleton.

Bones

are hard connective tissues and the major component of almost all skeletal systems in adult vertebrates

synovial joints

Movable- diarthroses /________; freely movable and all the moving parts are held together by ligaments.

Skull bones

protect the brain and an entrance to the body.

Sprain

occurs when excess pressure is put on joint; stretching the ligaments unnaturally.

Sesamoid bones

reinforce tendons.

Cartilage

more flexible than bones but stiffer than muscles, gives structure to larynx and nose.

spongy bone

characterized by the presence of numerous holes and extensive network of cancelli of hard bone matrix 🦴 Cancelli

Ligaments

bands of dense and fibrous connective tissues that are key to the function of joints

Cartilage

more flexible than bones but stiffer than muscles, gives structure to larynx and nose

Flat bones

protect internal organs

Long bones

support weight and facilitate movement

Short bones

cube-shaped

Irregular bones

complex shapes

Sesamoid bones

reinforce tendons

Axial

skull, laryngeal, vertebral, thoracic

Appendicular

hips, shoulders, arms, legs

immovable joints, slightly movable, and movable joints

three types of joints

synarthroses

fibrous joints, adult cranium, bones are held together by a tough fibrous connective tissue

amphiarthroses

/ cartilaginous joints; bones can move but not too far; connect vertebrae to one another; connect ribs to the sternum

diarthroses

/ synovial joints; freely movable and all the moving parts are held together by ligaments

Sprain

ligament sprains; occurs when excess pressure is put on joint; stretching the ligaments unnaturally 2

Bone Fractures

broken bones; high-impact contact during sport activities, falls, and motor vehicle accidents 3

Osteoporosis

prevalent disease, common among elderly; characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue

compact bone

calcium rich portion of the bone

periosteum

a thin membrane surrounding the compact and spongy
bone

cancelli

interlacing osseous plates constituting the elastic porous tissue of certain parts of the bones

thoracic cage

protects internal cage

joints

mobile and flexible, where bones meet together

endoskeleton

bones inside human hand

exoskeleton

shell outside an animal

hydrostatic skeleton

water pressure inside an earthworm

hydrostatic skeleton

advantageous in aquatic environments and can support crawling and burrowing

hydrostatic skeleton

found in animals that have no hard body parts at all

exoskeleton

hard encasement on the surface of an animal
provides protection and points of attachment
prevents drying out (especially for those living on land)

calcium carbonate

The shells of mollusks are exoskeletons made of ____

chitin

The exoskeleton of arthropods is made of _______

endoskeleton

consist of hard supporting elements within the soft tissues of the animal

compact and spongy bone

two types of bone

osteons (Haversian system)

consisting of collagen fibers and mineral deposits like Calcium and Phosphorus

vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx

bones of vertebral column

cranial bones, facial skeleton, hyoid bone, laryngeal skeleton, inner ear bones

skull bones

Wrist or carpus

consists of eight carpal bones. The eight carpal bones of the wrist are the Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetral, Pisiform, Trapezoid, Trapezium, Capitate, Hamate

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetral, Pisiform, Trapezoid, Trapezium, Capitate, Hamate

eight carpal bones

wrist bones

carpals

phalanges

bones of the finger

metacarpals

bones that form the palm of the hand are called

pelvic girdle

ring of bones attached to the vertebral column that connects the bones of the lower limbs to the axial skeleton

phalanges

forms the foot

metatarsals

give the foot its arch

ligament

connect bone to bone

cartilage

gel-like padding between bones that protects joints and facilitates movement.