Cartilage
is a soft, elastic and flexible connective tissue that protects the bone from rubbing against each other.
Osteoporosis
prevalent disease, common among elderly; characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue.
vitamin D
Treatments include ________ supplements and calcium and drugs that slow down bone loss.
Appendicular
hips, shoulders, arms, legs.
Ligaments
bands of dense and fibrous connective tissues that are key to the function of joints.
Yellow
(________) bone marrow is found in the middle of compact bones.
Locomotion
________ is active movement from one place to another, as a result from muscles working against some type of skeleton.
Bones
are hard connective tissues and the major component of almost all skeletal systems in adult vertebrates
synovial joints
Movable- diarthroses /________; freely movable and all the moving parts are held together by ligaments.
Skull bones
protect the brain and an entrance to the body.
Sprain
occurs when excess pressure is put on joint; stretching the ligaments unnaturally.
Sesamoid bones
reinforce tendons.
Cartilage
more flexible than bones but stiffer than muscles, gives structure to larynx and nose.
spongy bone
characterized by the presence of numerous holes and extensive network of cancelli of hard bone matrix 🦴 Cancelli
Ligaments
bands of dense and fibrous connective tissues that are key to the function of joints
Cartilage
more flexible than bones but stiffer than muscles, gives structure to larynx and nose
Flat bones
protect internal organs
Long bones
support weight and facilitate movement
Short bones
cube-shaped
Irregular bones
complex shapes
Sesamoid bones
reinforce tendons
Axial
skull, laryngeal, vertebral, thoracic
Appendicular
hips, shoulders, arms, legs
immovable joints, slightly movable, and movable joints
three types of joints
synarthroses
fibrous joints, adult cranium, bones are held together by a tough fibrous connective tissue
amphiarthroses
/ cartilaginous joints; bones can move but not too far; connect vertebrae to one another; connect ribs to the sternum
diarthroses
/ synovial joints; freely movable and all the moving parts are held together by ligaments
Sprain
ligament sprains; occurs when excess pressure is put on joint; stretching the ligaments unnaturally 2
Bone Fractures
broken bones; high-impact contact during sport activities, falls, and motor vehicle accidents 3
Osteoporosis
prevalent disease, common among elderly; characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue
compact bone
calcium rich portion of the bone
periosteum
a thin membrane surrounding the compact and spongy bone
cancelli
interlacing osseous plates constituting the elastic porous tissue of certain parts of the bones
thoracic cage
protects internal cage
joints
mobile and flexible, where bones meet together
endoskeleton
bones inside human hand
exoskeleton
shell outside an animal
hydrostatic skeleton
water pressure inside an earthworm
hydrostatic skeleton
advantageous in aquatic environments and can support crawling and burrowing
hydrostatic skeleton
found in animals that have no hard body parts at all
exoskeleton
hard encasement on the surface of an animal provides protection and points of attachment prevents drying out (especially for those living on land)
calcium carbonate
The shells of mollusks are exoskeletons made of ____
chitin
The exoskeleton of arthropods is made of _______
endoskeleton
consist of hard supporting elements within the soft tissues of the animal
compact and spongy bone
two types of bone
osteons (Haversian system)
consisting of collagen fibers and mineral deposits like Calcium and Phosphorus
vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx
bones of vertebral column
cranial bones, facial skeleton, hyoid bone, laryngeal skeleton, inner ear bones
skull bones
Wrist or carpus
consists of eight carpal bones. The eight carpal bones of the wrist are the Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetral, Pisiform, Trapezoid, Trapezium, Capitate, Hamate
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetral, Pisiform, Trapezoid, Trapezium, Capitate, Hamate
eight carpal bones
wrist bones
carpals
phalanges
bones of the finger
metacarpals
bones that form the palm of the hand are called
pelvic girdle
ring of bones attached to the vertebral column that connects the bones of the lower limbs to the axial skeleton
phalanges
forms the foot
metatarsals
give the foot its arch
ligament
connect bone to bone
cartilage
gel-like padding between bones that protects joints and facilitates movement.