AP World History - Unit 1: The Global Tapestry

What resulted from the collapse of classical civilizations?

The rise of long-distance trade and new state interactions.

What are the key points regarding major world religions in 1200?

Most belief systems impact history, have divisions, influence social and political structures, and spread through cultural interactions.

What is religious mysticism?

The focus within religions on mystical experiences that bring adherents closer to the divine through practices like prayer and meditation.

Who founded Buddhism and what are its core beliefs?

Siddhartha Gautama founded Buddhism; its core beliefs include the Four Noble Truths about suffering and desire.

What two main branches did Buddhism split into after the death of the Buddha?

Theravada Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism.

What did Theravada Buddhism emphasize?

Meditation, simplicity, and the renunciation of consciousness and self for achieving nirvana.

What characterized Mahayana Buddhism?

It involved more complex rituals and provided greater spiritual comfort.

What impact did Buddhism have in India and other regions?

It appealed to lower ranks by rejecting the caste system and thrived in China, Japan, and Southeast Asia.

What is the foundation of Christianity?

Christianity is based on the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, who is viewed as the Messiah.

What were the key teachings of Jesus?

Devotion to God, love for others, and the promise of forgiveness and everlasting life.

What event solidified Christianity's influence in the Mediterranean?

Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire.

What is Confucianism and its main focus?

Confucianism is a philosophy founded by Confucius, focusing on restoring political and social order through relationships.

What did Hinduism teach about the supreme force?

Hinduism believes in a supreme force called Brahma, and that gods are manifestations of this entity.

What is the goal of a Hindu believer?

To merge with Brahma through multiple lives and following their dharma.

What are the Five Pillars of Islam?

Confession of faith, prayer five times a day, charity, fasting during Ramadan, and pilgrimage to Mecca.

How did the Abbasid Dynasty contribute to a golden age?

It became a center for arts, sciences, and trade, with Baghdad as its capital.

What caused the decline of Islamic Caliphates?

Internal rivalries and invasions from groups like the Mongols.

What characterized feudalism in Europe?

A hierarchical system where land was divided among kings, nobles, and vassals.

What led to the emergence of nation-states at the end of the Middle Ages?

The shift from feudal organization to linguistic and cultural organization of territories.

What aspect of medieval European society limited women's rights?

Women could not own land and inheritance was typically passed to the eldest son.