External Topography of the Brain PT664

What is the common name for the rhombencephalon?

hindbrain

What is the product of an ovum and a sperm

zygote

What is a zygote referred to after week 8?

fetus

when does the embryo implant into the uterine wall?

day 18

What are the three layers of the embryo?

endoderm

mesoderm

ectoderm

What is the cause of the neural plate?

thickening of the ectoderm

When does the neural groove begin to develop?

20 days

What occurs to the neural groove at day 22?

the neural groove closes along the length of the embryo making the neural tube

What is the creation of the neural groove called?

neurulation

What are the four major divisions of the brain?

telencephalon

diencephalon

mesencephalon

rhombencephalon

What are the subdivisions of the prosencephalon?

Telencephalon

diencephalon

What are the two main subdivisions of the rhombencephalon?

metencephalon

myelencephalon

What is the common name for the prosencephalon?

forebrain

what is the common name for the midbrain?

mesencephalon

What is found in the cerebral cortex?

neural cells

What is the white matter?

myelinated axons

What is the function of the myelinated axons?

mostly bundled into large tracts that allow the different areas of the cerebral cortex to communicate with each other as well as with the brainstem and spinal cord

What is the grey matter?

cell bodies

What are the two hemispheres of the cerebrum/telencephalon?

left and right

What does the cerebrum contain?

cerebral cortex

subcortical white matter

subcortical nuclei (basal ganglia)

ventricles (CSF filled spaces)

What are the cell bodies embedded within the white matter?

basal ganglia

basal forebrain nuclei

claustrum

amygdala

What matter are the cell bodies in the cerebrum made of?

deep grey matter

What structures does the cerebrum contain?

cerebral cortex

subcortical white matter

subcortical nuclei such as the basal ganglia

ventricles

What is the cerebral cotex

surface of the cerebrum

What cell bodies are embedded within the deep grey matter?

basal ganglia

basal forebrain nuclei

claustrum

amygdala

What structures make up the white matter of the cerebrum?

association fibers

commissural fibers

projection fibers

What is the function of the association fibers?

connect different parts of the same hemisphere

What is the function of the commissural fibers?

connect cortical areas of the right and left hemisphere

What is the function of the projection fibers?

run vertically, ascending and descending to and from the spinal cord

What type of fiber is the DCML?

projection fiber

What are the cerebral hemispheres?

medial longitudinal fissure

falx cerebri

corpus callosum

What is the medial longitudinal fissur?

separates the two halves of the brain (left and right sides)

What is the falx cerebri?

projection of the dura major that sits within the medial longitudinal fissure, separates the two sides of the fissure

What is the corpus callosum?

big commissural fiber going between the two hemispheres to connect (white matter tract)

What two lobes does the lateral sulcus separate?

frontal and temporal

What two lobes does the central sulcus separate?

frontal and parietal

What lobes does the parietal occipital sulcus separate?

parietal from occipital

occipital from the temporal lobe

What are the three main sulcus within the frontal lobe?

precentral sulcus

superior frontal sulcus

inferior frontal sulcus

What gyrus lies between the central and precentral sulcus?

precentral gyrus

What gyri lie superior and inferior to the superior frontal sulcus?

superior gyrus

medial gyrus

What gyri lie superior and inferior to the inferior frontal sulcus?

medial gyrus and inferior gyrus

What are the two rami that lie in the frontal lobe?

anterior ascending ramus

anterior horizontal ramus

What sulcus do the two rami in the frontal lobe branch off of?

lateral sulcus

What are the three gyrus that lie within the frontal lobe?

supraorbital (pars obitalaris)

pars triangularis

pars oborcularis

What are the two sulci found within the parietal lobe?

postcentral sulcus

intraparietal sulcus

what gyrus runs between the central and post central sulcus?

post central gyrus

What direction does the intraparietal sulcus run?

horizontal

What lobes run superior and inferior to the intraparietal sulcus?

superior parietal lobe and inferior parietal lobe

What gyrus are located inferior to the inferior parietal lobe?

supramarginal gyrus

angular gyrus

Anterior to posterior, what are the two gyrus located inferior to the intraparietal sulcus?

supramarginal gyrus

angular gyrus

What are the three main sulcus in the occipital lobe?

lateral occipital sulcus

lunate sulcus

post calcarine sulcus

What are the three main sulci in the temporal lobe?

lateral sulcus

superior temporal sulcus

inferior temporal sulcus

What gyri lie superior and inferior to the superior temporal sulcus?

superior gyrus

medial gyrus

What gyri lie superior and inferior to the inferior temporal sulcus?

medial gyrus

inferior gyrus

What structure is visible if you separate the frontal and temporal lobe?

insular cortex

What structure lies around the corpus callosum?

cingulate gyrus

What is the function of the cingulate gyrus?

regulates emotion

often referred to as the limbic lobe

What is the area around the central sulcus also referred to as?

paracentral lobule

What structures like anterior and posterior to the parieto occipital fissure?

praecuneaus and cuneaus

What lies underneath the cuneus?

lingual gyrus

What is the function of the hippocampal gyrus?

memory

What structures are located in the diencephalon?

thalamus

hypothalamus

subthalamus

epithalamus

What structures are found in the epithalamus?

pineal and habenula

What notable structures are located on the inferior side of the brain?

olfactory bulb and olfactory tract

What are the four primary areas in the cerebral cortex?

primary motor cortex

primary somatosensory cortex

primary visual cortex

primary auditory cortex

Where is the primary motor cortex located?

precentral gyrus

Where is the primary somatosensory cortex located?

postcentral gyrus

Where is the primary visual cortex located?

tip of the occipital lobe

Where is the primary auditory cortex located?

sylvian fissure

What is the motor homunculus?

map of motor actions, areas that have finer dexterity are represented larger

What is the sensory homuculus?

map of sensations, areas with finer sensation are larger

What is the function of the supplementary motor cortex?

involved in higher level selection and manual control

What is the function of the premotor cortex?

involved in motor planning

- action based on envrionment

What is the function of the primary motor cortex?

controls muscles on the opposite side of the body via the corticospinal tract

What is the function of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex?

decision making, thinking about abstract concepts, personality

What is the function of broca's speech area?

located at pars triangularis, allows you to speak and articulate

What is the function of the orbital cotex?

part of the frontal lobe that works with the prefrontal cortex