Acids, Bases and Salts

These flashcards cover key concepts related to acids, bases, indicators, and their reactions, which are essential for understanding their properties and importance in chemistry.

Acid

A substance that produces hydrogen ions (H+) in solution and has a sour taste.

Base

A substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution and has a bitter taste.

Litmus

A natural pH indicator derived from lichen that changes color in response to acidic or basic solutions.

Neutralization Reaction

A chemical reaction between an acid and a base that produces a salt and water.

Olfactory Indicator

A substance that changes its odor in acidic or basic media.

pH Scale

A scale used to measure the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very basic).

Hydronium Ion (H3O+)

The ion formed when an acid donates a proton (H+) to water.

Alkali

A base that is soluble in water.

Water of Crystallization

The fixed number of water molecules present in one formula unit of a salt.

Bleaching Powder

A compound produced by the reaction of chlorine gas with dry slaked lime, used for bleaching and disinfection.

Baking Soda

Sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3), used in cooking and as an antacid.

Washing Soda

Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), used in glass and soap industries.

Acid Rain

Rainwater with a pH lower than 5.6, harmful to aquatic life and ecosystems.

Indicators

Dyes or mixtures of dyes that change color in response to the pH of a solution.

Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

A strong acid capable of producing hydrogen gas when reacting with metals.