Chapter six

Hemopoiesis

blood cell production, which occurs in red bone marrow in new borns

What gets stored in yellow bone marrow?

Triglyceride, adipose for adults

What are the other major functions of bone tissue?

Support, protection, assistance in movement, mineral storage and release (calcium and prosperous)

Long bones

Compact bone outside; spongey inside. Ex: humerus, femur, fibula

short bones

Compact outside, spongey inside. Example: trapezoid, wrist bone, carpals

flat bones

Two flat layers of compact bone with a layer of spongey in between. Like a spongey bone sandwich that is called diploe.

Ex: sternum, skull, ribs

irregular bones

Example: vertebra, facial bones

sesamoid bones

Are typically embedded in tendons.

Example: patella, in tendons

Diaphysis

shaft of a long bone

Epiphyses

proximal and distal ends of the bone

Metaphyses (long bone)

Narrow areas between diaphysis & Epiphysis

epiphyseal plate

growth plate

articular cartilage

Hyaline cartilage, reduce friction, absorb shock

Periosteum

Attached to underlying bone by perforating fibers, it's the covering of bone

medullary (marrow) cavity

contains bone marrow, inside the diaphysis, hollow

Endosteum

lines the medullary cavity

hydroxypatite

Made up of calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide

What are the four major types of cells present in bone tissue?

Osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts

Reticulofobrous bone tissue/ primary bone/ woven bone tissue

Found in fetal bone and bone remodeling

Lamellar bone tissue

Most common type of bone tissue, organized plates

compact bone tissue

forms the external layer of all bones; provides protection and support, consists of numerous neighboring osteons

spongy bone tissue

this consists of an irregular latticework of thin plates of bone called trabeculae, with spaces in-between filled with red bone marrow

T/F: bones have a rich blood supply

True

Foramen

Round or oval opening for passing blood vessel or nerves

Periostel arteries and veins

Provide blood supply to a bone, Enter through the diaphysis

Nutrient artery and vein

supply the diaphysis of a long bone;

Metaphyseal artery and vein

carry blood to and from the metaphysis and to the epiphysis through epiphyseal arteries and veins

Ossification

bone formation that begins around the sixth week of embryonic life and continues through adulthood

Calcification

process that hardens bones

intramembranous ossification

Only happens on the skull and the mandible

appositional growth

growth in bone width

interstitial growth

growth in bone length

When is ossification complete?

age 25

Average time of repair of a fracture?

6-8 weeks

open (compund) fracture

a break in a bone that protrudes through the skin

closed (simple) fracture

break that does not penetrate the skin

greenstick fracture

bending and incomplete break of a bone; most often seen in children

impacted fracture

fracture in which one bone fragment is pushed into another

Pott's fracture

distal fibular fracture

Colles fracture

fracture of the distal radius at the wrist

compression fracture

Happens in elderly people

spiral fracture

Most common type of sports fracture

reduction

Repair of a fracture by a clinician

closed reduction

Dr realigns by hand and splints or casts bone

open reduction

surgical procedure required to realign fractured bone parts when manipulation is not practical

Steps of fracture repair

hematoma, fibrocartilaginous callus, bony callus, bone remodeling

Osteoporosis

Decreased mineralization of bone