Western Civilization Final Exam

Russian ruler at Kiev from 980-1015 who converted to Christianity in alliance with Byzantine emperor Basil II.

Vladimir

9th century Byzantine missionary to the Slavs who developed a new alphabet along with his brother Methodius.

Cyril

Identify the year(s) of the following event: Great Schism

1054

Roman emperor who assembled a law code and built the Hagia Sofia at Constantinople in the 6th century C.E.

Justinian

Historical designation for the continuation of the Roman empire as a political entity centered at Constantinople from 476 to 1453.

Byzantine Empire

6th century prophet from the Quraysh tribe who founded Islam based upon a series of divine revelations.

Muhammad

7th century Umayyad ruler who made Arabic the official language of the caliphate and built the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem

Abd al-Malik

Identify the year(s) of the following event: Battle of Tours

732

Saxon duke who founded the Holy Roman Empire and ruled Germany from 936-973.

Otto the Great

Emperor who expanded Frankish dominion from the Pyrenees to the Danube during his reign from 768-814.

Charlemagne

Merovingian king of the Franks who converted to Christianity in alliance with the pope at Rome in 500 C.E.

Clovis

French military and political leader who defeated Umayyad forces at the Battle of Tours.

Charles Martel

Roman pope at the turn of the 7th century famous for his missionary focus, successful relations with surrounding Germanic tribes, and preservation of church hierarchy in western Europe.

Gregory the Great

Known as "the Fair," the Capetian monarch who convened the first Estates General and precipitated the Avignon Papacy during his reign from 1285-1314.

Philip IV

13th century Dominican priest and theologian associated with Scholasticism who authored the Summa Theologica.

Thomas Aquinas

Norman king who ruled England from 1066-87 after his victory at the Battle of Hastings.

William the Conqueror

Identify the year(s) of the following event: Magna Carta

1215

Pope who exerted great political power via excommunication, interdiction, and inquisition during his papacy from 1198-1216.

Innocent III

Ayyubid general who conquered Jerusalem from the Crusaders in 1187.

Saladin

Identify the year(s) of the following event: The Crusades

1095-1291

English monarch from 1272 to 1307 who conquered Wales and convened the first Model Parliament.

Edward I

Female French military leader at the Battle of Orleans during the Hundred Years War burned at the stake as a heretic and later beatified.

Joan of Arc

Identify the year(s) of the following event: Hundred Years War

1337-1453

Identify the year(s) of the following event: Bubonic Plague

1347-51

Renaissance polymath and painter of the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper.

Leonardo da Vinci

Printer from Mainz, Germany, who developed a movable type printing press in the 1440s.

Gutenberg

Florentine Renaissance artist best known for his sculpture of David and the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.

Michelangelo

Spanish monarchs of Aragon and Castille who funded Columbus' first expedition and completed the Reconquista in 1492.

Isabella and Ferdinand

Ruler of the Ottoman empire at its height from 1520-66 who expanded its possessions to Budapest and the Persian Gulf.

Suleiman

13th century German king who founded the Habsburg dynasty.

Rudolf

15th century English civil war between the houses of Lancaster and York concluded by the establishment of the Tudor dynasty under Henry VII.

War of the Roses

Identify the year(s) of the following event: Battle of Kosovo

1389

"Virgin Queen" and last Tudor monarch of England who granted 1584 charter to Sir Walter Raleigh to discover and take possession of "remote, heathen and barbarous lands" in her name.

Elizabeth I

Portugese explorer whose crew completed the circumnavigation of the globe in 1522 a year after his death.

Magellan

Spanish colonial official who led the conquest of the Aztec empire in 1519-21.

Cortes

Transfer of flora, fauna, and disease between the Americas and Eurasia after centuries of relative isolation.

Columbian Exchange

15th century Dutch humanist whose writings are closely associated with both the Northern Renaissance and the Reformation.

Erasmus

Religious leader whose posting of 95 Theses in 1517 initiated the Protestant Reformation

Martin Luther

Swiss theologian whose positions on the office of the pope and predestination would inform what became Presbyterianism.

John Calvin

Broad name for the series of events in the 16th century resulting in the establishment of various Protestant sects in opposition to the Roman Catholic Church.

Reformation

Period from 1480 to 1640 characterized by population growth in Europe, especially Northern Europe, urbanization, inflation, and climactic change.

Long 16th

Habsburg monarch of Spain from 1556 to 1598 who oversaw a declining economy, the onset of the Eighty Years War in the Netherlands, and a failed invasion of England.

Philip II

Period of high inflation beginning in the 16th century fueled by over extraction of silver and accumulation of royal debts.

Price Revolution

Name for a series of early 17th century conflicts in German kingdoms and municipalities between Protestant, Catholic, and foreign armies.

Thirty Years War

Series of religious-fueled conflicts between Protestant Huguenots and the French monarchy resolved by the accession of Henry IV to the throne in 1589.

Wars of Religion