Chronic Health Test 1

studied byStudied by 84 people
5.0(3)
Get a hint
Hint

Which team members deal with health perception, stress/coping, self-concept, and sleep (3)

1 / 93

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Nursing

94 Terms

1

Which team members deal with health perception, stress/coping, self-concept, and sleep (3)

  • Social worker

  • psychologist

  • clergy member

New cards
2

Which team members deal with pain? (2)

  • Acute pain nurse

  • palliative care physician

New cards
3

What team members deal with activity? (3)

  • Physiotherapist

  • Occupational therapist

  • Recreational therapist

New cards
4

What does a physiotherapist deal with?

Injury recovery \ long term body stress

New cards
5

What does an occupational therapist deal with?

Full body movement, ADLs

New cards
6

What does a recreation therapist do?

Promote hobbies and leisure, social engagement

New cards
7

What team members deals with nutrition / elimination? (2)

  • dietician

  • Speech language pathologist

New cards
8

What team member deals with hearing?

Audiologist

New cards
9

What team member deals with oxygenation?

Respiratory therapist

New cards
10

What team member deals with medication concerns / polypharmacy?

Pharmacist

New cards
11

What is an acute condition?

Develops suddenly and lasts a short time.

New cards
12

What is a chronic condition?

Develops slowly and requires long term treatment.

New cards
13

What are the types of common risk factors related to chronic illness? (3)

  • Non-modifiable risk factors

  • Behavioural risk factors

  • Cultural and environmental conditions

New cards
14

What are common intermediate conditions that lead to chronic conditions? (4)

  • high blood pressure (hypertension)

  • elevated blood lipids (hyperlipidemia)

  • obesity

  • pre-diabetes

New cards
15

What is mortality?

Rate of deaths

New cards
16

What is morbidity?

Rate of disease in a population

New cards
17

What is illness?

The human experience of symptoms and suffering

New cards
18

What is illness behaviour?

The diverse ways individuals respond to symptoms

New cards
19

How is a chronic disease defined? (3)

  • Health conditions that persist over extended periods of time.

  • Complex to manage for patients and families.

  • Often require a coordinated plan of care from many health care team members.

New cards
20

What are the most prevalent chronic diseases? (10
)

  • Hypertension

  • Osteoarthritis

  • Mood disorders

  • Osteoporosis

  • Diabetes

  • Asthma

  • COPD

  • Ishemic heart disease

  • Cancer

  • Dementia

New cards
21

What are three types of nursing diagnoses?

  • At risk

  • Problem focused

  • Health promotion

New cards
22

Oxygenation

the process of supplying oxygen to the body’s cells

New cards
23

How does gas exchange work?

Gas exchange takes place in the alveolis in the lungs

inhaled oxygen moves from the alveoli to the blood in the capillaries, and carbon dioxide moves from the blood in the capillaries to the air in the alveoli

New cards
24

What happens when gas exchange is impaired? What are the symptoms?

If gas exchange is impaired, you cannot effectively get enough oxygen, or rid your body of carbon dioxide.

  • Dyspnea (shortness of breath)

  • Coughing

  • High heart rate

  • Increased respirations

  • Accessory muscle use

  • Restlessness

  • Lethargy

  • Cyanosis

  • Diaphoresis (sweating)

  • Confusion

New cards
25

What does effective oxygenation require? (6)

  • Clear airways.

  • Effective lung expansion + contraction.

  • Clear bronchi + bronchioles (for oxygen to reach alveoli).

  • Healthy alveoli (for gas exchange to occur).

  • Effective heart pump.

  • Adequate amount of hemoglobin.

New cards
26

What is the most common chronic disease among children?

Asthma

New cards
27

What is asthma?

Spasm of the bronchi due to inflamed and narrowed airways (inflammatory reaction to triggers)

New cards
28

What are some common triggers of ashtma? (6)

  • Allergens

  • Exercise

  • Drugs

  • Food additives

  • Air pollutants

  • Emotional stress

New cards
29

What is the pathophysiology of ashtma? (3)

  1. Airway inflammation

  2. Increased mucus production

  3. Contraction of smooth muscles (bronchospasm)

New cards
30

What are the clinical manifestations of asthma? (5)

  • Wheezing

  • Breathlessness

  • Chest tightness

  • Coughing

  • Increased HR, RR, and decreased SPO2

New cards
31

Hypoxia

Low oxygen in tissues

New cards
32

Hypoxemia

Low oxygen in blood

New cards
33

Exacerbation

Flare up

New cards
34

What are nursing interventions for asthma? (4)

  • Position of comfort

  • Frequent assessment of respiratory status

  • Medications (rescue, possibly oral / iv corticosteroid)

  • Supplemental oxygen

New cards
35

What are the two medications used for asthma?

  • Bronchodilator (rescue / reliever)

    • Short acting Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists. eg. Salbutamol

  • Corticosteroid (maintenence)

    • eg. Fluticasone, Prednisone

New cards
36

What are the expected outcomes for a patient with asthma during the evaluation stage? (6)

  • Normal activity level

  • Proper nutrition

  • Demonstrates education

  • Can manage triggers

  • Normal vitals

  • Clear lung sounds

New cards
37

Does asthma impact inhalation or exhalation?

Exhalation

New cards
38

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is the umbrella term for which two chronic diseases?

  • Chronic bronchitis

  • Chronic emphysema

New cards
39

What is chronic bronchitis?

Long-term bronchial inflammation with overproduction + hypersecretion of mucous

New cards
40

Chronic emphysema

Damage to the air sacs in the lung.

Destruction of the alveolar wall, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs. This causes permanent dilatation, decreasing the surface area of the ventilatory units.

New cards
41

What is the cause of COPD? (2)

  • Long term exposure to lung irritants

  • Genetics

New cards
42

What is the difference of lung function between COPD and asthma?

  • Asthma: maintain lung function between flares.

  • COPD: progressive deterioration, decrease in lung function over time.

New cards
43

How is COPD diagnosed? (2)

  • Comprehensive health history (including exposure to risk factors)

  • Confirmed by spirometery

New cards
44

What are the clinical manfestations of COPD? (11)

Early signs:

  • Intermittent productive cough.

  • Dyspnea (SOB) on exertion.

Symptoms when disease has progressed:

  • Barrel chest.

  • Ribs fixed in inspiratory position.

  • Weight loss, anorexia.

  • Fatigue.

  • Prolonged expiratory phase.

  • Wheezes, decreased lung sounds.

  • Tripod position.

  • Cyanosis.

  • Fingernail clubbing.

New cards
45

What are the risk factors for Pneumonia? (5)

  • Chronic disease

  • Surgery

  • Hospitalization

  • Impaired mobility

  • Older age

New cards
46

What are diagnostic tests a physician would order to confirm COPD or asthma? (10)

  • WBC count

  • Hemoglobin

  • SpO2

  • ABG (arterial blood gasses)

  • Sputum culture

  • Alpha-1 antitryspin (genetic marker for COPD)

  • Chest x-ray (hyperinflation)

  • Peak flow

  • Spirometry (how much oxygen lungs can hold)

  • CT scan (more detailed than x-ray)

New cards
47

Cor pulmonale

Abnormal enlargement of right side of heart due to lung disease

New cards
48

What are nursing interventions for COPD? (6)

  • Reposition

  • Auscultate lungs

  • Vitals

  • Supplemental oxygen

  • Medications

  • Push fluids

New cards
49

What are medications for an acute phase of COPD? (exacerbation) (3)

Rescue medications taken at onset of exacerbation:

  • Bronchodilator: eg. Salbutamol

  • Corticosteroid: eg. Prednisone

  • Supplemental oxygen

New cards
50

What is an example of a broncodilator?

Salbutamol / Ventolin / Albuterol

^ all same medication, just different brand names

New cards
51

What are examples of corticosteroids? (2)

  • Prednisone

  • Fluticasone

New cards
52

What are medications for the maintence phase of COPD? (4)

Maintenance: take once or twice everyday.

  • Short acting Beta-2 Agonist (Salbutamol) OR short acting Muscanaric Antagonist.

    • Combo: Combivent

  • Long acting Beta-2 Agonist OR long acting Muscanaric Antagonist

    • Combo: Ellipta

New cards
53

What kind of drug is Salbutamol, and what does it do? (3)

  • Short acting Beta-2 Agonist

  • Bronchodilator

  • Decreases inflammation, relaxes lung muscles

New cards
54

What kind of drug is Prednisone, and what does it do? (2)

  • Corticosteroid

  • Decreases inflammation in airways

New cards
55

What do short acting Muscanaric Antagonists do? (2)

  • Stops normal muscle action by blocking acetylcholine receptors (inhibits broncoconstriction)

  • Increases airflow

New cards
56

What is Combivent medication?

A combination of a short acting Beta-2 Agonist and a short acting Muscanaric Antagonist

New cards
57

What is Ellipta medication?

A combination of a long acting Beta-2 Agonist and a long acting Muscanaric Antagonist

New cards
58

What is the medication name of a long acting Beta-2 Agonist?

Serevent

New cards
59

What is the medication name of a long acting Muscanaric Antagnoist? (2)

Tiotropium / Spiriva

New cards
60

What is always taken first: bronchodilators or corticosteroids?

Bronchodilators are always taken first

New cards
61

What would a nurse teach someone with COPD? (7)

  • Help quitting smoking

  • Physical activity

  • Nutrition (4-6 small meals a day allows your diaphragm to move more easily and for you to breathe better)

  • How to use a peak flow meter

  • Lung exercises

  • Maintenance medications + how to take meds

  • Supplemental oxygen as disease progresses

New cards
62

What outcomes would a nurse be looking for in the evaluation phase for a patient with COPD? (9)

  • Returns to baseline respiratory status.

  • Demonstrates effective respirations.

  • “Normal” breath sounds for the person.

  • Demonstrates effective coughing.

  • Reports decreased dyspnea (SOB
    ).

  • Maintains clear airway

  • Maintains “normal” SpO2 for the person.

  • Reports improved mental status and sleep.

  • Improved nutritional intake.

New cards
63

What would a nurse teach a patient who is short of breath? (4)

  • Comfortable position (tripod).

  • Inhale through mouth.

  • Pursed-lips on exhalation.

  • Belly breathing.

New cards
64

What are potential complications of poor oxygenation? (3)

  • Can damage organs, brain + heart damage.

  • Cognitive impairment.

  • Low immunity.

New cards
65

What does mobility require? (5)

  • Muscle strength.

  • Energy.

  • Skeletal stability.

  • Joint function.

  • Neuromuscular synchronization.

New cards
66

What are potential musculoskeletal complications of immobility? (5)

Musculoskeletal:

  • Pain

  • Falls

  • Muscle atrophy

  • Contractures

  • Fatigue

New cards
67

What are potential GI/GU complications of immobility? (3)

  • UTI

  • Constipation

  • Malnutrition

New cards
68

What are potential neurological / psychosocial complications of immobility? (3)

  • Delirium

  • Anxiety

  • Depression

New cards
69

What are potential respiratory complications of immobility? (3)

  • Aspiration

  • Hypoxia

  • Pneumonia

New cards
70

What are potential integumentary complications of immobility? (2)

  • Skin breakdown

  • Deep vein thrombosis

New cards
71

What is the pathophysiology of Osteoarthritis? (2)

  • Disorder of the synovial joints.

  • Cartilage that cushions the ends of bones in your joints gradually deteriorates

New cards
72

What is the pathophysiology of Rheumatoid arthritis? (3)

  • Systemic autoimmune & inflammatory disease.

  • Occurs when your immune system mistakenly attacks your own body's tissues (not just joints).

  • Affects the lining of your joints, causing a painful swelling that can eventually result in bone erosion and joint deformity.

New cards
73

Is arthritis more common in women or men?

Arthritis is more common in women

New cards
74

What diagnostic tests would a physician order for Osteoarthritis? (5)

  • History / physical

  • X-ray

  • CT scan

  • MRI

  • Bone scan

New cards
75

What diagnostic tests would a physician order for Rheumatoid arthritis? (8)

  • History / physical

  • X-ray

  • Serology (antibodies in blood)

  • CBC (Complete Blood Count)

  • CRP (C Reactive protein)

  • ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate)

  • RF (Rheumatic factor)

  • Analysis of synovial fluid

New cards
76

What are the risk factors for Osteoarthritis? (8)

  • Older age

  • Sex (women more common)

  • Obesity

  • Joint injuries

  • Repeated stress on joint

  • Genetics

  • Bone deformities

  • Metabolic disease (ex. diabetes)

New cards
77

What are the risk factors for Rheumatoid arthritis? (7)

  • Age

  • Sex (common in women)

  • Genetics

  • Smoking

  • Having children

  • Obesity

  • Early life exposures (ex. formula fed)

New cards
78

What are the goals of care for someone with Osteoarthritis? (4)

  • Pain management

  • Decrease inflammation

  • Prevent disability

  • Maintain joint function

New cards
79

What are the goals of care for someone with Rheumatoid arthritis? (5)

  • Early treatment

  • Promote / maintain joint function

  • Effective pain management

  • Stop / slow progression

  • Education

New cards
80

What classificiations of medications would be given to someone with Osteoarthritis? (4)

  • Salicylates

  • Analgesic

  • NSAIDS

  • Topical analgesics

New cards
81

What are salicytes and what is an example of this medication?

  • Analgesic (painkiller) and anti-inflammatory.

    • ex. Aspirin

New cards
82

What are analgesics and what is an example of this medication?

  • Analgesic (painkiller) and antipyretic (reduce fever).

    • ex. Acetaminophen

New cards
83

What are NSAIDS and what is an example of this medication?

  • Analgesic (painkiller) and anti-inflammatory

    • ex. Ibuprofen

New cards
84

What are topical analgesics and what is an example of this medication?

  • Analgesic (painkiller) and anti-inflammatory that is applied to the skin.

    • ex. Voltaren Emulgel

New cards
85

For arthritis, when are NSAIDS given?

given early in the diagnosis phase to manage lower rated pain

New cards
86

For arthritis, when are corticosteroids given?

given during a flare up but should be short term

New cards
87

For arthritis, when are DMARDS given?

DMARDs are prescribed early in diagnosis phase but take 3-6 weeks to work, so NSAIDs and Corticosteroids will be given until the DMARDs take effect.

New cards
88

For patients with Rheumatoid arthritis, what symptoms may precede arthritic complaints? (4)

  • Anorexia

  • Fatigue

  • Weight loss

  • Generalized stiffness

New cards
89

For Rheumatoid arthritis, what can progression of the disease lead to? (2)

Deformity and disability

New cards
90

What classificiations of medications would be given to someone with Rheumatoid arthritis? (5)

  • Salicylates

  • NSAIDS

  • Topical analgesics

  • Corticosteriods

  • DMARDS (Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drug)

New cards
91

What are DMARDS and what is an example of this medication?

  • Antimetabolites (decreasing the activity of your immune system)

    • ex. Methodextrate

New cards
92

What are corticosteroids and what is an example of this medication? (for Rheumatoid arthritis)

  • Analgesic (painkiller) and anti-inflammatory

    • ex. Hydrocortisone, Prednisone, Methylprednisolone

New cards
93

What are the differences between Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid arthritis? (4)

Osteoarthritis:

  • A condition of mechanical “wear and tear” on joints.

  • Affects joints asymmetrically.

  • Age of onset: > 40.

Rheumatoid arthritis:

  • Systematic autoimmune disease with exacerbations, body attacks joints.

  • Affects joints symmetrically.

  • Age of onset: young - middle age.

New cards
94

What would a nurse teach someone who has been diagnosed with arthritis? (3)

  • Use firm mattresses and seats.

  • Alternate between periods of rest and activity.

  • Protect joints from stress.

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 114 people
... ago
5.0(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 15 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 20 people
... ago
5.0(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 72 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 64 people
... ago
5.0(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 37 people
... ago
5.0(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 94 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 9241 people
... ago
4.8(73)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (33)
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (149)
studied byStudied by 14 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (30)
studied byStudied by 4 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (37)
studied byStudied by 17 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (30)
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
4.5(2)
flashcards Flashcard (21)
studied byStudied by 8 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (111)
studied byStudied by 29 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (162)
studied byStudied by 17 people
... ago
5.0(1)
robot