[ 2MID ] UCSPP (copy)

Society

defined as a group of people sharing a common culture.

Culture

that complex whole which encompasses beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, and everything that a person learns and shares as a member of society.

people’s shared ways of doing & thinking

Society, Social Phenomenon, Impacts

Parts of Social Science

Social and Analysis

Elements of Social Science

Groups of people

Society

Cause/Happening

Social Phenomenon

Effects

Impacts

Subjects

social actors or agents who have the capacity to understand and reshape their world too, in contrast with objects that are merely acted upon.

Gender

refers to the roles, behaviors, activities, attributes, and opportunities that any society considers appropriate for girls and boys, and men and women.

Anthropology

the study of people throughout the world, their evolutionary history, how they behave, adapt to different environments, communicate and socialize with one another.

Sociology

a discipline dealing with the interpretation and explanation of social action, defined as action involving orientation to the actions of one or more other actions”.

Political Science

the study of politics and power from domestic, international, and comparative perspectives.

Power Relations

Anthropology and Political Science

Cultural Practices

Anthropology and Sociology

Social Forces

Sociology and Political Science

Material Culture

objects or belongings of a group of people.

Non-material Culture

consists of the ideas, attitudes, and beliefs of a society.

Learned

Because we acquire cultural understanding through experience and observation through the process of enculturation

Symbolic

It provides meanings to every human expression be it in words or deeds, with both verbal and nonverbal symbols whose meanings are formed and accepted by societies through their own processes. This explains the differences in the way signs and symbols are understood.

Shared

• Culture is rooted in and is transmitted in/by/through groups/societies. Indeed, culture is commonly known as the shared ideas, beliefs, values, concepts, memories, understandings, wtc. which prevail in a society.

• Bayanihan, roughly translated as a sense of solidarity, of mutual help in times of crises, is a very Filipino concept which can help explain how culture is shared.

Integrated

Culture relies on social patterns or systems that are embedded in societies. It is also all-encompassing as it includes all aspects of one society’s way of life. Hence, culture is also expressed in terms of core values or values that most people in a society accepts, appreciates, and cultivates as their own.

Ethnocentrism

defined as the act of judging another culture from the perspective of one’s own.

Such a perspective views the other culture “as inferior when compared to one’s own”.

Cultural Relativism

considers all perspectives as equally valid, that “truth” relies on an individual’s or his/her culture’s definition of what the truth is.

Cultural Chauvinism

the sense of superiority that ethnic or national groups have of themselves relative to others.

RA 7356

defines culture as “a manifestation of the freedom of belief and of expression and is human right to be accorded due respect and allowed to flourish.”

Social

actions and interactions; realities

Political

power and influence

Cultural

practices and traditions

Enculturation

-the means in which individuals obtain and transmit aspects of their society’s culture

-studying own’s culture

-essential for survival

-1st familiarization process to culture

Acculturation

-Learning other’s culture; the process of adapting and incorporating aspects of a new culture when individuals or communities are exposed to it.

-Not essential requirement for survival

-2nd or 3rd familiarization to various cultures

Societas

Latin word which means society

Logos

A greek word which means study/science

Science of Society

What is the etymological meaning of Sociology?

Auguste Comte

He said that “Sociology is the science of social order & progress”

Istambay

the idle and/or unemployed people

Cultivatio

culture’s rood word in Latin

Polygamy

form of marriage in which a man is married to more than one wife

State

an organized political community living under a single system of government

Citizenship

refers to the individual membership that shows a person’s relationship with state

Taboos

refers to the moral norms that are offensive to violate and it is considered as an offense once it is violated. These are usually usually unwirrten and informal norms and often linked to religious rules.

Religion

strongest unifying force in a culture

Norms

are the formal and informal rules regardig what kinds of behavior are acceptable and appropriate within a culture

Values

abstract ideas about the good, the right, and desirable

Folkways

norms of little moral significance

Mores

are moral norms thus have the element of right and wrong

Population, Territory, Government, and Sovereignty

elements of state

Self-esteem uniqueness, autonomy, and independence

traits of individualistic cultures

Dynamic

-responsive to the changing conditions of the physical world

Cultural assimilation

occurs when an ethnic miroty sacrifices its own culture to integrate into society

Brain drain

skilled, abled, professional workers leaving Philippines which leaves PH without workers

Cumulative

exists as a continuous process

Changes

varies from society to society

Adoption & adaption (pop culture)

Ideational

idealistic or gratifying

provides satisfaction of our needs and desires

Diverse

culture learnings are products of behaviours

Pattern

transmitted among members of society

e.g. language, writing, behaviour, etc.

Political identity

set of attitudes and practices that an individual adhers to in relation to the political systems and actors within his or her society

Nationality

-indiv. membership that shows a person’s rel. w/ the state

-ethnic or racial

-birth & inheritance

-Can NOT be changed

-innate

-Only 1 nationality

Citizenship

-Political status in w/c the person is recognized as a citizen of a country

-Legal or juristic

-birth, inheritance, marriage & naturalization

-CAN be changed

-Reversible

-Possible of more than 1

Naturalization

Legal act or process in which a non-citizen of a country may acquire citizenship or nationality of that country

Race

-biological classification

-can be determined by physical appearance

-member of one of this cannot join another

Ethnicity

-considered to be a cultural identity

-can be determined by manner of dressing

-member of one of this can join another

Deviance

behavior that departs from cultural norms

Conformity

behavior that meets cultural norms

Positive science

answers “what is”

Normative science

answers “what should be”

Abstract science

-intangible

Concrete science

-tangible