Anaphy Lab: 1st Practical Exam

cephalic

head

frontal

forehead

orbital

eyes

nasal

nose

oral

mouth

cervical

neck

thoracic

thorax

pectoral

chest

sternal

breastbone

mammary

breast

abdominal

abdomen

umbilical

navel

pelvic

pelvis

inguinal

groin area

pubic

genital area

otic

ear

buccal

cheek

mental

chin

clavicular

clavicle/ collarbone

axillary

armpit

brachial

arm

antecubital

front of elbow

carpal

wrist

manual

hand

palmar

palm

digital

fingers/ toes

coxal

hip

femoral

thigh area

patellar

kneecap

crural

leg; shin area (anterior)

pedal

foot

talus

ankle

dorsum of foot

upper surface of foot

dorsal

back

occipital

base of skull

nuchal

back of neck

scapular

shoulder blades

vertebral

spinal column

lumbar

loin

sacral

between hips/ area of lower tailbone

gluteal

buttocks

perineal

perineum; surface region in both males and females between the pubic symphysis and the coccyx

cranial

skull

acromial

point of shoulder

olecranon

point of elbow

popliteal

hollow/ back of knee

sural

calf area

plantar

sole of foot

calcaneal

heel

fibular

outer side of leg (anterior)

frontal plane

runs vertically from right to left; divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

sagittal plane

separates the body into left and right portions

midsagittal plane

divides the body into left and right parts equally at the midline

transverse plane

separates or divides the body into superior and inferior portions

right

towards the right side of the body

left

towards the left side of the body

inferior (caudal/tail: animal)

below

superior (cephalic/head: animal

above

anterior (ventral: belly)

towards the front

posterior (dorsal: back)

towards the back

proximal (proximus: nearest)

closer to the point of attachment

distal

farther from a point of attachment

lateral

away from the body’s midline

medial

towards the body’s midline

superficial

towards/ on the surface

deep

away from the surface

UMBILICAL REGION

the area around the umbilicus; sections of the small & large intestines, inferior vena cava and abdominal aorta

EPIGASTRIC REGION

it is superior to the umbilical region; most of the pancreas, portions of the stomach, liver, inferior vena cava, abdominal aorta and duodenum

HYPOGASTRIC REGION

it is inferior to the umbilical region; it is the pubic area

RIGHT AND LEFT ILIAC REGIONS

either side of the hypogastric region; inguinal regions

RIGHT AND LEFT LUMBAR REGIONS

either side of the umbilical region; the loin regions

RIGHT AND LEFT HYPOCHONDRIAC REGIONS

either side of the epigastric region

epiphyseal line

an epiphyseal plate that stops growing in length and becomes ossified

red marrow cavity

small, irregular cavities that contain red bone marrow

nutrient artery

found in the periosteum; an artery that supplies the medullary cavity of the long bone

medullary cavity

hollow center of a long bone; large cavity within the diaphysis

Articular cartilage

a type of hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints, has no perichondrium, blood vessels, or nerves

compact bone

solid, outer layer surrounding each bone; has more matrix and is denser with fewer pores, lamellae is primarily oriented around blood vessels

yellow marrow

type of bone present in the medullary cavity in adults

periosteum

outer, double-layered connective tissue membrane with ligaments and tendons attached to bone; blood vessels and nerve pathways

spongy bone

consists of interconnecting rods or plates of bone called trabeculae, surrounded by compact bone, less bone matrix and space than compact bone

diaphysis

center portion of a long bone, composed primarily of compact bone

endosteum

thin connective tissue membrane lining the inner (medullary) cavities of bone

canaliculi

minute canals connecting osteocytes of an osteon

central canal

longitudinal canal carrying blood vessels and nerves

concentric lamellae

layers of bony matrix lining the central canal

lacunae

site of osteocytes

matrix

inorganic salts deposited in organic ground substance

epidermis

a stratified squamous epithelium with no blood vessels; prevents water loss and resist abrasion

dermis

composed of dense collagenous tissue; responsible for skin’s structural strength

subcutaneous tissue/ hypodermis

attaches skin to bone; serves as shock absorber and insulates deeper tissues from extreme temperature changes

stratum basale

have cells that undergo mitosis every 19 days; takes 40-56 days before cells reach the surface

stratum spinosum

8-10 spiny-appearing cells with elongated edges; keratin fibers and lamellar bodies accumulate

stratum granulosom

2-5 layers of flattened diamond-shaped cells; keratohyalin accumulates in cells

stratum lucidum

thin zone of dead keratinocytes; most exposed to friction

stratum corneum

at least 25 layers of dead cells joined together by desmosomes; layer that sloughs off dead squamous cells

dermal papillae

allows blood to supply nutrients, remove waste products, help regulate temp.

papillary layer

top layer of dermis

reticular layer

bottom layer of dermis; orientation of fibers produce cleavage lines, tension lines, Langer’s lines

hair

dense and covers most of the body surface; s found everywhere on the skin except the palms, the soles, the lips, the nipples, parts of the external genitalia, and the distal segments of the fingers and toe