darwin final!!

Pope Francis's attitude towards scientific research

The best scientific research available today will furnish a concrete foundation for his overall appeal.

Wendell Berry's purposes of the Industrial Revolution

To replace human workers with machines and to market its products at the greatest possible profit.

Wendell Berry's view on science's response to industrial agendas

It has been complicit in these agendas.

Opposite of 'anatomy' and 'analysis'

Poiesis

Pope Francis's prime example of integral ecology

Saint Francis of Assisi

Wendell Berry's statement about the Civil War

It established the 'right' of military violence against a civilian population.

Wendell Berry's view on too much school

When students graduate too much in debt to return home.

Wendell Berry's characterization of industrialization

The story of industrialization is the same story everywhere, and everywhere the result is ruin.

Wendell Berry on self-employed craftspeople before 1945

They did not think of their work as a 'job.'

Pope Francis on mental pollution

Media and the digital world.

Pope Francis's view on population growth and global inequality

An extreme and selective consumerism is the problem, not population growth.

Pope Francis on the environmental crisis and priorities

False.

Two extreme positions Pope Francis wishes to avoid

The myth of progress and human nonintervention.

F-1 corn hybrid's contribution to industrialization

It provided the biological equivalent of a patent.

Omnivore's dilemma for food scientists or marketers

A great economic opportunity.

Michael Pollan's dual identity of corn

Food and commodity.

Survival of corn as a plant species

Birds, such as crows, that like to eat corn.

Danger of E.coli bacteria in feedlot cattle

It is acid-resistant.

Early ancestors of wheat, rice, and corn

They ceased being perennials and became annuals.

Wendell Berry on industrial beef industry's belief in evolution

True.

Biggest portion of a bushel of American commodity corn

Feeding livestock.

Greatest source of new organic matter in grassland

Dead roots.

Wes Jackson's team at the Land Institute

Trying to accomplish sustainable agriculture.

Perennialize

To make many of our principal grain crops capable of lasting for several years.

Cow's perception of grass

A great variety of different plants ranked in order of preference.

Law of the second bite

Don't let cows graze a second time until the grass has fully recovered.

Holons

Organic systems that function both as self-contained wholes and as dependent parts in a wider context.

Forest on Polyface Farm

The forest is essential to the health of the 100 acres.

Job of pigs in cattle barn

The farm's pigs turn over and mix the heavy layers of manure, woodchips, and straw.

Respectful treatment of non-human animals

The state has an interest in cultivating the virtue of temperance.

Adaptation mechanism in linguistic animals

History and tradition replace evolution.

Identical concepts

Our concepts must be identical if we are to talk to one another.

Non-dualist

Thomas Aquinas is not a dualist.

Meaning in life

We have to be part of a story for our lives to have meaning.

Origin of the term 'God'

Christians borrowed the term 'God' from those who believe in the gods.

Search for meaning

Matthew Arnold suggests we turn to romantic love for meaning.

Cardinal virtue meaning

The meaning of a cardinal virtue, such as courage, is not dependent on circumstances.

Faith and reason relationship

The Catholic Church's ongoing dialogue with philosophical thought has enabled the Church to produce various syntheses between faith and reason.

Creation story ending

All time and all creatures will be gathered into communion with God.

Creation vs. Nature

Nature is understood as a given; creation is understood as a gift.

Cain and Abel story lesson

Envy leading to violence ruptures all relationships both immanent and transcendent.

Virgil's father and Joel Salatin's father

Both of them had farms that were forcibly taken from them.

Human life before farming

Human beings shared Earth's abundant produce, and rivers flowed with wine.

Young girl at spinning in Virgil's First Georgic

She reads signs of a coming storm but is herself a sign of what's coming.

Sentiments in The Georgics of Virgil

Admiration and pity characterize The Georgics.

What according to Virgil motivates the bees to accomplish all their various summer tasks?

joy

What did the old Corycian man that Virgil once saw living under the arches of the old fort at Tarentum do to secure for himself "a happiness that was equal to the happiness of kings?"

He planted a garden and was sustained by its produce.

Virgil characterizes the beehive as a miniature society with many parallels to the ideal human society. Which of the following, however, is (according to Virgil) absent from bee culture?

sexual intercourse

According to Aristaeus' mother, Cyrene, (and Virgil himself in a separate passage), how should a beekeeper produce a fresh bee population if his hives have collapsed?

New bees can be generated from the rotten carcass of a young dead bull.

Which of the following human activities is the apparent cause of the mass extinction in Panama?

Movement of species across what once had been impermeable boundaries

What is the plan for the animals currently housed at the EVACC center in El Valle, Panama?

They most likely will spend the rest of their lives at EVACC.

How does the chytrid fungus (known as "Bd") kill frogs?

It inhibits their ability to absorb electrolytes leading to heart attack.

How many of the Big Five mass extinctions have ancestors of the earliest amphibians survived?

four

What extraordinary insight did Georges Cuvier have as a result of his study of the new science of stratigraphy?

The history of life has a direction.

Which of the following did Georges Cuvier use to refute Jean-Baptist Lamarck's theory of transformisme?

A mummified Egyptian cat

The French anatomist Georges Cuvier was a proponent of the evolution of species long before anyone had ever heard of Charles Darwin.

false

Which of the following pairs are most closely related on the tree of life?

asian elephants and mammoths

Who helped Walter Alvarez date the layer of sediment that interested him at Gubbio, Italy?

his father

What did Walter Alvarez's clay-layer at Gubbio turn out to be full of?

iridium

Which of the following's fossilized remains can be found on both sides of the K-T impact boundary?

Foraminifera

Whose theory of extinction was at least partially confirmed once a preponderance of evidence mounted in support of Walter Alverez's impact hypothesis?

Georges Cuvier's

Which of the following is entailed by Darwin's theory that the variation of species is completely explained by natural selection?

Extinction of species must occur at about the same rate or even slower than their production.

What caused the extinction of the Great Auk?

human predation

According to Elizabeth Kolbert, what was the most important discovery Charles Darwin made during the voyage of the Beagle?

Charles Lyell's Principles of Geology

What according to Charles Darwin is so special about the human species, homo sapiens?

There is nothing at all special about the species.

Which of the following is true of the species, Dicranograptus ziczac?

It was a V-shaped graptolite that, along with most others, completely disappeared in the end-Ordovician extinction.

What is the key insight of Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions?

People will reject disruptive information until there is a preponderance of evidence for a new paradigm.

What is the current theory for what caused the end-Ordovician extinction?

Too much oxygen in the atmosphere

Who today is recognized as having the correct hypothesis, the catastrophists or the uniformitarians?

Both: The history of life consists of long periods of boredom interrupted occasionally by panic.

What happens when CO2 is dissolved in the ocean?

It turns into an acid.

Which of the following is true of the waters around Castello Aragonese?

They provide a preview of what lies ahead for the oceans more generally.

What sort of creature is patella caerulea?

It is a limpet (a kind of sea snail)

What is the most striking difference about the release of CO2 that is causing the current extinction event from the one that apparently caused the End-Permian event?

the speed of todays CO2 release is unprecendented in geological history

Which of the following describes the natural habitat of coral?

A belt surrounding the earth from thirty degrees north latitude to thirty degrees south latitude

What causes coral bleaching?

ocean warming

Where did marine biologist Chris Langdon prove that corals are sensitive to the saturation state of seawater with respect to calcium carbonate such that they stop building at a saturation state of two?

In the "ocean" at Biosphere 2

Captain Cook is credited as the first European to encounter the Great Barrier Reef. What was the name of his flagship?

The Endeavour

Where does the paleogeneticist Svante Pääbo expect to find the madness gene?

In the human genome

Which of the following would an observer of apes never see?

Two chimps carrying something heavy together

Hobbits and Denisovans shared the key vulnerability of any species considered "megafauna." What was it?

Long gestation period

When researchers performed a battery of tests on chimpanzees, orangutans, and two-and-a-half-year-old children, which of the following were the children better at?

Reading social cues

In his essay "Science as Vocation," how does one of the founders of modern sociology, Max Weber, finally solve the problem of how to motivate modern human beings "to work to meet the demands of the day?"

He says everyone should find and obey his own inner demon.

According to Robert Bellah, senior research scientist at the Space Science Institute in Boulder, Colorado, Carolyn Porco, makes this mistake:

She thinks natural science provides us with a myth.

With reference to Andrew Delbanco's book, The Real American Dream, which of the following is currently the predominant idea that provides a context of meaning for contemporary American life?

self

Both sociologist Robert Bellah and philosopher Charles Taylor agree that the decline of religion in the West was the result of the rise of natural science.

false

The intimate nearness or "immanence" of God in the cosmos is the focus of which of the following traditional branches of systematic theology?

Pneumatology: Study of the Holy Spirit

As a Catholic theologian, what is Elizabeth Johnson's stance on the theory of evolution?

It is more than a mere hypothesis and should be accepted as scientifically demonstrated.

Which of the following five models of the relationship of science and religion did the evolutionary biologist Stephen J. Gould favor?

Non-overlapping independence

Elizabeth Johnson's inquiry in her Ask the Beasts is conducted as a dialogue between which two texts?

Darwin's On the Origin of Species and the Nicene Creed

The first sentence of the first chapter of the Rule of Saint Benedict begins with the words, "Listen, my son..." How does the first sentence of the first chapter of On the Origin of Species begin?

"When we look..."

Who among the following is famous for the analogy, "Just as the existence of a human watchmaker can be inferred from the discovery of a watch, so too can the existence of a divine Creator be inferred from the beautiful functioning of the natural world?"

William Paley

Michael Himes says the single most beautiful statement in English of the sacramental principle is:

These things, these things were here and but the beholder / Wanting

Charles Darwin characterized his On the Origin of Species as "one long argument." Against whom was he arguing?

The leading scientists of his day, including most of his fellow naturalists

In On the Origin of Species, Chapter III, "Struggle for Existence," Charles Darwin explains how the presence of a large cat population in an English village might result in which of the following?

more flowers

What happened to Charles Darwin as the result of his keeping and breeding pigeons at Down House?

He became convinced that all the various types of pigeons are descended from the common rock-pigeon.

According to Charles Darwin, what should be the only true criterion of taxonomic classification?

Genealogy

With respect to Darwin's diagram in On the Origin of Species, which of the following would represent a "living fossil."

F14

According to Elizabeth Johnson, what does literary analysis reveal about Darwin's On the Origin of Species?

It can be favorably compared to Charles Dickens and George Eliot.

Which of the following does Darwin refer to in accounting for the similarity of some species found only on the distant mountain summits of both hemispheres?

Glaciation and global warming

Which of the following best characterizes Darwin's summary argument, as it were, to the jury, in the final pages of On the Origin of Species?

The deed was done by a Creator acting through secondary causes.